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. 2011 Mar;22(3):416–425. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010040430

Table 1.

DAMPs and receptors for DAMPs

DAMP Putative Receptors References
Ligands of RAGE 40,42
    AGEs RAGE 39–42
    HMGB1 TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, CD44, 18–28
RAGE
    S100 proteins/calgranulins RAGE, TLR4 29–33
    amyloid-β RAGE, NLRP3 160
    HSPs CD14, CD91, TLR2, TLR4, CD40 34–38
Chromatin and DNA TLR9 43–47
Uric acid (MSU) crystals TLR2, TLR4, CD14 48–52
Neutrophil-derived alarmins 16,17
    cathelicidins TLR7, TLR9, FPRL1, FPR2 54
    defensins TLR4, CCR6 53
    lactoferrin TLR4 55
Extracellular matrix proteins 3,56,57
    proteoglycans
        hyaluronan TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3
        biglycan TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3
        versican TLR2
    fibrinogen TLR4, Integrins
    heparan sulfate TLR4
    fibronectin extra domain A TLR4
    laminin Integrins
    elastin-derived peptides Integrins
    collagen-derived peptides CXCR2
Galectins Unknown 58,59
Thioredoxin Unknown 65,66
Adenosine; ATP P1, P2X, and P2Y receptors 60–64
IL-33 ST2/IL-1R 67
Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein TLR4 68–73

CXCR2, CXC-chemokine receptor 2; FPR2, formyl peptide receptor 2; FPRL1, formyl peptide receptor-like receptor 1; MSU, monosodium uric acid; NLRP3, NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3.