Table II.
Summary of Novel Modulators Against MRPs
| Name | Target | Drug classification | Effects on target MRPs | Mechanism of inhibition on target MRPs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In vitro | In vivo | Transcription | Expression | Function | |||
| Ibrutinib | MRP1 | Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor | +(11) | +(11) | ↔a | ↔ | ↓b |
| Nilotinib | MRP7 | BCR-Abl inhibitor | +(12) | +(12) | N/A | ↔ | ↓ |
| Imatinib | MRP7 | BCR-Abl inhibitor | +(12) | N/A | N/A | ↔ | ↓ |
| Erlotinib | MRP7 | EGFR and HER2 inhibitor | +(13,14) | N/A | N/A | ↔ | ↓ |
| Lapatinib | MRP7 | EGFR inhibitor | +(14) | N/A | N/A | ↔ | ↓ |
| Tandutinib | MRP7 | FLT3 inhibitor | +(15) | N/A | N/A | ↔ | ↓ |
| Masitinib | MRP7 | c-Kit inhibitor, PDGFR inhibitor | +(16) | +(16) | N/A | ↔ | ↓ |
| Sildenafil and vardenafil | MRP7 | PDE5 inhibitor | +(17) | N/A | N/A | ↔ | ↓ |
| Tariquidar | MRP7 | P-gp (ABCB1) inhibitor | +(18) | N/A | ↔ | ↓ (>24 h treatment) | ↓ |
| NVP-BHG712 | MRP7 | EphB4 inhibitor | +(19) | +(19) | N/A | ↔ | ↓ |
| GSH-conjugated catechol metabolite | MRP1 and MRP2 | GSH-conjugated catechol metabolites | +(20) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ↓ |
| 3ATA | MRP1-4, preferred selectivity for MRP1 | Triterpene | +(21) | N/A | N/A | N/A | ↓ |
| miR-326 | MRP1 | miRNA | +(22) | N/A | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| miR-297 | MRP2 | miRNA | +(23) | +(23) | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
N/A study not conducted, MRP multidrug resistance proteins, EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor, PDGFR platelet-derived growth factor, PDE5 phosphodiesterase type 5, GSH glutathione
(+): this compound shows reversal activity on the targeted MRPs, superscript number showing the relevant reference
a(↔): no significant alterations
b(↓) downregulation or inhibition