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. 2015 May 12;83(6):2275–2289. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00360-15

TABLE 1.

Treponemal strains used in this study

Species Strain name Source Location Yr of isolation
T. pallidum subsp. pallidum Nichols (Seattle and Houston lineages)a Cerebrospinal fluid Washington, DC 1912
Sea81-4b Primary chancre Seattle, WA 1980
Bal3c Blood, congenital Baltimore, MD Circa 1973
MexicoAc Primary chancre Mexico 1953
Chicagoc Primary chancre Chicago, IL 1951
T. pallidum subsp. pertenue SamoaDc Skin Western Samoa 1953
T. pallidum subsp. endemicum BosniaAc Penile ulcer Bosnia 1950
IraqBc Oral mucous patches Iraq 1951
T. paraluiscuniculi CuniculiAc Unknown Baltimore, MD Unknown
a

Originally provided by James N. Miller, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, to Sheila Lukehart (Seattle lineage) or to Steven J. Norris (Houston lineage). Nichols Houston was kindly provided by Steven J. Norris and was used to derive the Nichols Houston O clonal isolate.

b

Strain isolated in Seattle, WA, by Sheila A. Lukehart, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

c

Strains provided by Paul Hardy and Ellen Nell, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.