Fig. 2.
ASC deficiency reduces inflammation in the brain independently of IL-1 production. Numbers of IL-1α– (A and B) and IL-1β– (C) positive microglia (A, Iba1+, arrowheads) are not significantly altered in the brain by NLRP3, NOD2, or ASC deficiency after cerebral ischemia. Schematic shows the location of IL-1–positive microglia in the ipsilateral hemisphere, which was similar in all animals. Numbers of activated microglia [D, expressing low levels of CD45 (CD45low), Iba1+], total microglial numbers (E), recruitment of leukocytes expressing high levels of CD45 (CD45high) (F), and vascular activation (G, blood vessels with high levels of tomato lectin staining, as shown on H in blue) have been assessed in the ipsilateral striatum and cerebral cortex. n = 6–9, two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. (Scale bar, A, 50 μm; H, 100 μm.)