Figure 8.
VARS can co-localize with ASOs in Lamp1-stained structures upon free uptake and can affect lysosome pattern. (A) VARS staining (cyan) in control cells [(-)ASO] or cells incubated with 2-μM cy3-labeled ASOs (red) for 24 h. Upon ASO incubation, VARS appears in aggregated dot structures that co-localize with ASOs (exemplified by arrows). Scale bars: 20 μm. (B) VARS/ASO-containing structures co-localized with Lamp1, as indicated by arrows. HeLa cells incubated with 2-μM Cy3-labeled ASOs for 24 h were fixed and co-stained for VARS and Lamp1. Scale bars: 10 μm. (C) Reduction of VARS led to more condensed ASO/lysosome localization in perinuclear structures, as indicated by arrows. Control cells or cells treated with VARS-siRNA for 24 h were incubated with 2-μM ASO for an additional 24 h, then fixed and stained for Lamp1. Scale bars: 20 μm.