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Cut-offs for tumor-positivity were established using receiver-operating characteristic curves. Tumors were considered positive for aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 expression if ≥ 25% of cells in the colorectal tumor were marker-positive and if ≥ 22% of metastatic liver tumor cells were marker-positive. Early stage refers to non-metastatic primary tumors, while late stage refers to metastatic primary tumors.
