Table 2.
Comparison of patient and clinical characteristics by composite outcome status (N=391)
| Composite poor outcome |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Overall | Yes (N=45) |
No (N=346) |
P-value§ |
| Male sex | 215 (55.0) | 25 (55.6) | 190 (54.9) | 0.94 |
| Age at surgery, days | 84 (9–165) | 14 (6–120) | 91.5 (9–168) | 0.005 |
| Neonates (age at surgery < 30 days) | 141 (36.1) | 25 (55.6) | 116 (33.5) | 0.004 |
| Weight at CICU admission, kg | 4.3 (3.3–5.8) | 3.7 (3.2–4.6) | 4.4 (3.3–6.0) | 0.05 |
| Weight-for-age z-score, Mean ± SD | −1.6 ± 1.6 | −1.2 ± 1.8 | −1.7 ± 1.5 | 0.04 |
| Preoperative use of vasoactive agents Any |
69 (17.6) | 15 (33.3) | 54 (15.6) | 0.003 |
| Dopamine | 27 (6.9) | 5 (11.1) | 22 (6.4) | N/A |
| Epinephrine | 8 (2.0) | 4 (8.9) | 4 (1.2) | |
| Vasopressin | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Milrinone | 42 (10.7) | 9 (20.0) | 33 (9.5) | |
| Dobutamine | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | |
| Norepinephrine | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Stage 1 single ventricle repair | 47 (12.0) | 12 (26.7) | 35 (10.1) | 0.001 |
| STAT risk category | ||||
| 1 to 3 | 256 (65.5) | 22 (48.9) | 234 (67.6) | 0.01 |
| 4 or 5 | 132 (33.8) | 23 (51.1) | 109 (31.5) | |
| missing | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.9) | |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time, minutes | 121 (84–158) | 140 (108–191) | 120 (81–154) | 0.01 |
| Aortic cross-clamp time, minutes | 75 (47–106) | 85.5 (60–127) | 73 (45–104) | 0.02 |
| Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time, minutes |
19.5 (10–42) | 22 (15–42) | 18 (9–40) | 0.31 |
| Regional cerebral perfusion time, minutes | 52 (39–68) | 59 (46–103) | 51 (33–64) | 0.11 |
Abbreviations: CICU, cardiac intensive care unit; STAT, Society of Thoracic Surgeons– European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery risk category; SD, standard deviation.
*
Data are presented as N (%) for categorical variables and Median (25th percentile – 75th percentile) for continuous variable and otherwise indicated.
§
p-value from Chi-square test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables for the comparison of each characteristics between two outcome groups.