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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Autoimmun. 2014 Feb 28;53:33–45. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.02.003

Fig. 8. Low dose clodronate treatment eliminates marginal zone macrophages and enhances autoimmune reactivity.

Fig. 8

(A) Confocal immunofluorescent images of spleen sections from ARE-Del+/− and WT mice treated with control liposomes or clodronate for 12 weeks. Anti-B220, anti-CD4, and anti-F4/80 used to detect B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and red pulp macrophages, respectively. Anti-CD169 was used to detect marginal zone macrophages. Images represent one of two animals examined per treatment group. (B) Anti-dsDNA IgG measurements were performed on serum from untreated WT and ARE-Del+/− mice to determine a baseline for autoantibody reactivity. Graph includes mean +/− s.e.m. for 6 mice per group. (C) Anti-dsDNA IgG reactivity of serum from WT and ARE-Del+/− mice following 12 weeks of treatment with control liposomes or clodronate. Anti-dsDNA IgG results shown in 8C represent one of two experiments, each with 5 animals per treatment group. D) PAS staining of formalin-fixed kidney sections from WT and ARE-Del+/− treated with control liposomes or clodronate. Original magnification × 100. Image from one of two animals examined is shown. Statistical analysis was performed on data sets 8B and 8C using unpaired Students T test, ***P<0.001; ****P<0.0001; ns, not significant. White bars on confocal images represent 300 μm. CLL, clodronate lipsomes.