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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 18.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2014 Jun 18;82(6):1263–1270. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.038

Figure 3. Locomotion induces simultaneous activation of astroglia in different regions of the brain.

Figure 3

A, Parasagittal section of GLAST-CreER;R26-lsl-GCaMP3 mouse (P57) immunostained for GCaMP3. crus1 (C1), lobulus simplex (LS), primary visual cortex (V1). B, Higher magnification image of GCaMP3 (green) and GFAP (red) in V1. C, In vivo image of V1, layer 1 (70 μm below pial surface) cortical astrocytes expressing GCaMP3 in 3 month-old GLAST-CreER;R26-lsl-GCaMP3 mouse. D, Mean change in cytosolic Ca2+ (GCaMP3) in V1 cortical astrocytes (black trace) induced by enforced locomotion (green trace). Green bar: period of enforced locomotion; green trace: locomotion; red trace fold increase in EMG activity. E, Images of GCaMP3 fluorescence in V1 astrocytes at times indicated in D. F, Schematic of dual fiber optic photometry configuration. G, Ca2+ changes in Bergmann glia and V1 astrocytes visualized simultaneously during enforced locomotion (green bars) and corresponding EMG activity. H, Co-variance between Bergmann glia and V1 astrocyte Ca2+ changes during spontaneous locomotion. n = 348 spontaneous locomotion events from 6 mice. Black lines represent mean ± SEM of 6 regression lines.