Fig. 2.
Effects of bile acids on PEC replication with time-of-addition assay. Confluent LLC-PK cells were infected with PEC at an MOI of 50. GCDCA (100 µM) was added at different time points during virus replication. (A) A schematic drawing shows various time periods of GCDCA treatments. The bars indicate the time during which GCDCA was present in the media. (B) Virus replication was quantified by real time qRT-PCR at 6 h and 12 h PI. Asterisks indicate significant (p<0.05) difference in virus genome levels, compared to those of PEC infection without GCDCA.