Table 2.
SRS total T-scores among 4- and 5-year-old children in Cincinnati, Ohio, according to demographic, perinatal, and environmental factors.
| Demographic, perinatal, or environmental factor | n (%) | Total T-score (mean ± SD)a |
|---|---|---|
| Overall | 175 | 51 ± 9 |
| Maternal race | ||
| White | 117 (67) | 48 ± 7 |
| Black | 50 (29) | 58 ± 12 |
| Other | 8 (5) | 45 ± 6 |
| Maternal age (years) | ||
| < 25 | 36 (21) | 57 ± 13 |
| 25 to < 35 | 115 (66) | 50 ± 8 |
| ≥ 35 | 24 (14) | 47 ± 7 |
| Maternal education | ||
| Graduate/professional school | 92 (53) | 47 ± 6 |
| Some college | 48 (27) | 53 ± 9 |
| High school | 21 (12) | 57 ± 13 |
| < High school | 14 (8) | 60 ± 11 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 122 (70) | 48 ± 6 |
| Unmarried, living together | 15 (9) | 55 ± 10 |
| Unmarried, living alone | 38 (22) | 59 ± 12 |
| Annual household income | ||
| ≥ $80,000 | 46 (26) | 47 ± 5 |
| $40,000 to < 80,000 | 66 (38) | 48 ± 6 |
| $20,000 to < 40,000 | 26 (15) | 54 ± 8 |
| < $20,000 | 37 (21) | 60 ± 13 |
| Maternal depressive symptoms | ||
| Minimal | 148 (85) | 50 ± 8 |
| Mild | 16 (9) | 58 ± 10 |
| Moderate/severe | 11 (6) | 59 ± 14 |
| Maternal IQ | ||
| 1st tertile (58–101) | 58 (33) | 58 ± 11 |
| 2nd tertile (> 101–114) | 61 (35) | 49 ± 7 |
| 3rd tertile (115–134) | 56 (32) | 47 ± 6 |
| Child sex | ||
| Girls | 95 (54) | 52 ± 10 |
| Boys | 80 (46) | 49 ± 8 |
| Caregiving environment score | ||
| Low | 30 (17) | 58 ± 9 |
| Medium | 27 (15) | 58 ± 13 |
| High | 118 (67) | 48 ± 6 |
| Maternal serum cotinine concentration (ng/mL) | ||
| No exposure (< 0.015) | 68 (39) | 48 ± 6 |
| Secondhand exposure (0.015–3) | 94 (54) | 53 ± 11 |
| Active exposure (> 3) | 13 (7) | 55 ± 10 |
| Prenatal vitamin use frequency | ||
| Daily | 132 (75) | 49 ± 7 |
| 1–6 times/week | 17 (10) | 52 ± 12 |
| Never or few times/month | 26 (15) | 58 ± 13 |
| Maternal employment | ||
| None | 30 (17) | 56 ± 14 |
| Any | 145 (83) | 50 ± 8 |
| Parity | ||
| Nulliparous | 80 (46) | 50 ± 9 |
| 1–2 | 83 (47) | 51 ± 10 |
| ≥ 3 | 12 (7) | 58 ± 11 |
| Maternal insurance source | ||
| Private | 129 (74) | 48 ± 7 |
| Public/none | 46 (26) | 58 ± 12 |
| aHigher scores indicate more autistic behaviors. | ||