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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Neurosci. 2014 Feb 23;17(4):559–568. doi: 10.1038/nn.3660

Figure 4. APL inhibits Kenyon cells.

Figure 4

(a–c) Stochastic transgene expression in neither (a), one (b), or both (c) APL neurons. Scale bars, 50 μm. (d–g) Impact of different APL manipulations on odor-evoked Ca2+ influx in the α lobe (see Supplementary Fig. 3 for all lobes). Black bars indicate 5 s pulses of ethyl acetate. (d) In control hemispheres of APL>shits1 flies where APL was unlabeled, odor-evoked Ca2+ influx in Kenyon cells declined slightly at 32 °C. (e) In hemispheres of APL>dTRPA1 flies where APL was labeled, odor-evoked Ca2+ influx in Kenyon cells was almost completely abolished at 32 °C. (f) In hemispheres of APL>shits1 flies where APL was labeled, odor-evoked Ca2+ influx in Kenyon cells increased greatly at 32 °C. (g) In APL-labeled hemispheres of APL>TeTx flies (red), odor-evoked Ca2+ influx in Kenyon cells was much higher than in APL-labeled hemispheres of APL>TeTx-inactive flies (blue) and APL-unlabeled hemispheres of APL>TeTx flies (green, lower panel). n, left to right, given as number of brain hemispheres [number of flies]: (d) n=24 [17.] (e) n=9 [5]. (f) n=30 [21]. (g) n=9 [7], 10 [8], 7 [6].* P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001, repeated-measures ANOVA with Geisser-Greenhouse correction and Holm-Sidak multiple comparisons test (d,e), Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (f), or one-way ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post hoc test (g). § P<0.001, Mann-Whitney U test, comparing ratios of odor-evoked Ca2+ influx at 32 °C vs. 22 °C. See Supplementary Table 1 for full genotypes.