Table 2. Pathways Commonly Deregulated in Colorectal Cancer and Targeted Drugs in Clinical Use (bold) or under investigation.
| Pathway | Specific Target | Drugs |
|---|---|---|
| EGF/MAPK | EGFR (mAb) | Cetuximab, Panitumumab |
| EGFR (TKI) | Erlotinib, Gefitinib | |
| KRAS | Tipifarnib, Lonafarnib | |
| BRAF | Sorafenib, Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib | |
| MEK | Trametinib, MEK162,Selumetinib | |
|
| ||
| PI3K | PI3K | BKM120, BGT226, XL147, GDC-0941 |
| mTOR | Temsirolimus, Everolimus, XL765 | |
| AKT | Perifosine | |
|
| ||
| WNT | Resveratrol | |
|
| ||
| TGFβ | TGFβ2 | AP 12009 |
|
| ||
| VEGF | VEGF | Bevacizumab, ziv-aflibercept |
| VEGFR | Vatalanib, AMG706, Pazopanib, Cediranib | |
|
| ||
| HGF | HGF mAb | AMG102 |
|
| ||
| IGF | IGF-1 mAb | AMG479, IMC-A12 |
EGF= epidermal growth factor; MAPK= mitogen activated protein kinase; mAb= monoclonal antibody; TKI= tyrosine kinase inhibitor; TGFβ= transforming growth factor beta; PI3K= phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; VEGF= vascular endothelial growth factor; IGF= insulin-like growth factor; HGF= hepatocyte growth factor
-modified from Pritchard and Grady(Pritchard and Grady)