Table 2.
Abnormalities in the densities of gastrointestinal endocrine/paracrine cells in patients with sporadic irritable bowel syndrome
| Gastrointestinal segment | Endocrine cell type | IBS-D | IBS-M | IBS-C |
| Stomach | ||||
| Oxyntic mucosa | Ghrelin | High | Normal | Low |
| Serotonin | High | Normal | Low | |
| Somatostatin | Low | Low | High | |
| Chromogranin A | Normal | Normal | High | |
| Antrum | Serotonin | Normal | Low | High |
| Gastrin | High | High | High | |
| Somatostatin | Low | Low | Low | |
| Chromogranin A | Normal | Low | High | |
| Small intestine | ||||
| Duodenum | Serotonin | Normal | - | Normal |
| CCK | Low | - | Normal | |
| Secretin | Low | - | Normal | |
| GIP | Low | - | Low | |
| Somatostatin | Low | - | Low | |
| Chromogranin A | Low | - | Low | |
| Ileum | Serotonin | Low | Low | Low |
| PYY | Normal | Normal | High | |
| Chromogranin A | Low | Low | Low | |
| Large intestine | ||||
| Colon | Serotonin | Low | - | Low |
| PYY | Low | - | Low | |
| Chromogranin A | Low | - | Low | |
| Rectum | Serotonin | Normal | - | Normal |
| PYY | Low | - | Low | |
| Enteroglucagon | Low | - | Low | |
| Somatostatin | High | - | High | |
| Chromogranin A | Normal | - | Normal | |
CCK: Cholecystokinin; PYY: Peptide YY; GIP: Gastric inhibitory peptide; IBS-C: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation as the predominant bowel symptom; IBS-D: IBS with diarrhea as the predominant bowel symptom; IBS-M: IBS with both constipation and diarrhea as the predominant bowel symptoms.