Table 1.
Complete Demographics and Operative Details of Patients Who Underwent Infrainguinal LEB in the Vascular Study Group of New England From 2003 to 2011, With Univariate Analysis by Primary Versus Secondary LEB
| Characteristic | Unweighted Data | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary LEB, % | Secondary LEB, % | P Value* | |
| No. of patients | 2350 | 1154 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Male sex | 69.6 | 66.6 | 0.078 |
| White race | 96.6 | 96.4 | 0.771 |
| Age, y | |||
| <70 | 52.9 | 58.5 | <0.001 |
| 70 to 79 | 27.8 | 29.4 | |
| ≥80 | 19.3 | 12.1 | |
| Smoking (prior or current) | 81.7 | 88.6 | <0.001 |
| COPD | 25.8 | 28.8 | 0.063 |
| Hypertension | 85.7 | 88.0 | 0.072 |
| Coronary artery disease | 35.6 | 37.6 | 0.236 |
| Prior CABG or coronary intervention | 32.0 | 34.5 | 0.143 |
| Congestive heart failure | 16.5 | 15.5 | 0.466 |
| Diabetes | |||
| No diabetes | 48.5 | 50.3 | 0.581 |
| Non–insulin‐dependent diabetes | 25.8 | 24.4 | |
| Insulin‐dependent diabetes | 25.7 | 25.3 | |
| Creatinine ≥1.8 | 9.1 | 7.2 | 0.076 |
| Dialysis | 8.2 | 5.6 | 0.004 |
| Living nursing home preoperatively | 4.4 | 3.2 | 0.085 |
| Transferred from hospital/rehabilitation unit | 7.6 | 7.6 | 0.973 |
| Independently ambulatory preoperatively | 78.3 | 78.8 | 0.755 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| <20 | 9.3 | 10.7 | 0.125 |
| 20 to 30 | 62.4 | 61.6 | |
| 30 to 40 | 24.6 | 25.3 | |
| ≥40 | 3.7 | 2.3 | |
| Cardiac stress test | |||
| Not done | 61.7 | 61.6 | 0.803 |
| Normal | 25.6 | 25.0 | |
| Abnormal | 12.6 | 13.4 | |
| Preoperative medication regimen | |||
| Preoperative β‐blockers | 77.4 | 80.1 | 0.076 |
| Preoperative aspirin | 72.2 | 76.1 | 0.014 |
| Preoperative clopidogrel | 8.3 | 19.3 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative statin use | 63.3 | 70.8 | <0.001 |
| Surgical history | |||
| CEA | 9.2 | 12.7 | 0.001 |
| Aneurysm repair | 2.8 | 6.2 | <0.001 |
| Ipsilateral major amputation | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.025 |
| Ipsilateral minor amputation | 5.8 | 7.8 | 0.023 |
| Indication | |||
| Claudication | 29.5 | 30.1 | 0.705 |
| Critical limb ischemia | 70.6 | 69.9 | |
| Operative details | |||
| Urgency | |||
| Elective | 81.4 | 79.0 | 0.023 |
| Urgent | 18.2 | 19.8 | |
| Emergent | 0.5 | 1.2 | |
| Graft origin—common femoral artery | 66.5 | 73.1 | <0.001 |
| Graft recipient | |||
| Above knee | 28.3 | 29.0 | <0.001 |
| BK popliteal | 31.5 | 35.8 | |
| Tibial | 28.2 | 29.6 | |
| Pedal | 12.0 | 5.7 | |
| Graft type | |||
| Prosthetic | 27.3 | 35.6 | <0.001 |
| Any graft vein type | 75.0 | 66.8 | <0.001 |
| No. of vein segments | |||
| 0 | 26.1 | 33.4 | <0.001 |
| 1 | 69.0 | 59.1 | |
| 2 | 4.6 | 6.7 | |
| ≥3 | 0.3 | 0.8 | |
| Concomitant proximal procedures (ipsilateral) | |||
| PVI | 10.8 | 9.3 | 0.297 |
| Endarterectomy | 49.6 | 43.1 | 0.007 |
| Anesthesia type | |||
| Spinal | 13.8 | 11.0 | 0.006 |
| Epidural | 6.7 | 5.0 | |
| General anesthesia | 79.4 | 84.0 | |
| Right side (origin) | 51.4 | 53.4 | 0.261 |
| Adjuncts | |||
| No vein cuff | 98.2 | 96.6 | 0.003 |
| Vein cuff | 1.8 | 3.5 | |
| No sequential graft | 97.9 | 97.2 | 0.234 |
| Sequential graft | 2.1 | 2.8 | |
| Discharge medications | |||
| Aspirin | 80.7 | 82.9 | 0.123 |
| Clopidogrel | 16.8 | 25.9 | <0.001 |
| Warfarin | 21.4 | 27.7 | <0.001 |
| Statin | 74.0 | 79.5 | 0.002 |
| β‐Blocker | 76.4 | 78.2 | 0.284 |
BK indicates below knee; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; CEA, carotid endarterectomy; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LEB, lower extremity bypass; PVI, peripheral endovascular intervention.
*
P value from χ2 test (testing differences between patients without prior PVI or bypass and those with either).