Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Variable | No sleep deficiency N=79 Mean (SD) | Intermittent sleep deficiency N=54 Mean (SD) | Persistent sleep deficiency N=27 Mean (SD) | Group difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 29.20(4.43) | 29.57(4.94) | 31.07(5.24) | 0.21 |
| BMI | 26.41(5.48) | 25.74(5.85) | 28.30(7.68) | 0.27 |
| % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | ||
| Race | Chi-square=2.93, p=0.23 | |||
| African American/Other | 20.3 (16) | 31.5 (17) | 33.3 (9) | |
| Caucasian | 79.7 (63) | 68.5 (37) | 66.7 (18) | |
| Smoker | Chi-square=1.36, p=0.51 | |||
| No | 91.1 (72) | 85.2 (46) | 85.2 (23) | |
| Yes (≥1 per day) | 8.9 (7) | 14.8 (8) | 14.8 (4) | |
| Exercise | Chi-square=4.83, p=0.09 | |||
| Never/<2 days/week | 34.2 (27) | 48.1 (26) | 55.6 (15) | |
| ≥2 days/week | 65.8 (52) | 51.9 (28) | 44.4 (12) | |
| Sleeping habits | **Chisquare=40.49, p<0.01 | |||
| Always get enough | 7.6 (6) | 14.8 (8) | 3.7 (1) | |
| Usually good, occasionally not enough | 64.6 (51) | 46.3 (25) | 18.5 (5) | |
| I often cannot sleep as much as I need | 24.1 (19) | 33.3 (18) | 48.1 (13) | |
| I never get enough sleep | 3.8 (3) | 0.0 (0) | 25.9 (7) | |
| I think I sleep too much | 0.0 (0) | 5.6 (3) | 3.7 (1) | |
| Marital status | ^Chi-square=7.40, p=0.03 | |||
| Married/living with partner | 91.1 (72) | 79.6 (43) | 70.4 (19) | |
| Divorced/never married | 8.9 (7) | 20.4 (11) | 29.6 (8) | |
| Education level | Chi-square=7.52, p=0.11 | |||
| <College degree | 25.3 (20) | 33.3 (18) | 51.9 (14) | |
| College degree | 31.6 (25) | 24.1 (13) | 25.9 (7) | |
| Some postgraduate work/postgraduate degree | 43.0 (34) | 42.6 (23) | 22.2 (6) | |
| Income | Chi-square=4.11, p=0.66 | |||
| <$20K/don't know/refused | 22.8 (18) | 22.2 (12) | 29.6 (8) | |
| $20K–49,999 | 16.5 (13) | 27.8 (15) | 25.9 (7) | |
| $50K–99,999 | 38.0 (30) | 33.3 (18) | 25.9 (7) | |
| ≥$100K | 22.8 (18) | 16.7 (9) | 18.5 (5) | |
| Parity | **Chi-square=11.59, p<0.01 | |||
| No previous births | 72.2 (57) | 46.3 (25) | 44.4 (12) | |
| At least one previous birth | 27.8 (22) | 53.7 (29) | 55.6 (15) |
Table reports % (n) or mean and standard deviation (SD) [Total sample=160].
**
No sleep deficiency is different from intermittent sleep deficiency and persistent sleep deficiency.
^No sleep deficiency is different from persistent sleep deficiency.