Table 2.
Statistical analysis of gene expression profiles for VTA and I-SN of cocaine overdose victims and controls
| Main effect |
Interaction |
Post-hoc analysis |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene class | VTA | I-SN | VTA | I-SN | VTA | I-SN |
| Glutamate Receptor | 0.001a | 0.070 | 0.017 | 0.972 | – | – |
| GRIN (encoding NMDAR1) | – | – | – | – | 0.033a | – |
| GRIA1 (encoding GluR1) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| GRIA2 (encoding GluR2) | – | – | – | – | 0.002a | – |
| GRIA3 (encoding GluR3) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GRIA4 (encoding GluR4) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GRIK1 (encoding GluR5) | – | – | – | – | 0.003a | – |
| GRIK5 (encoding KA2) | – | – | – | – | 0.004a | – |
| GRM3 (encoding mGluR3) | – | – | – | – | - | – |
| GABA transcripts | 0.051 | 0.161 | 0.239 | 0.812 | – | – |
| GABA subunit α1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GABA subunit α2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GABA subunit β1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GABA subunit β3 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GABA subunit γ2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GABA subunit δ | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GABA subunit ∊ | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GABA subunit π | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GAD65 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| GAD67 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| G protein subunits | 0.590 | 0.033b | 0.023 | 1.000 | – | – |
| Gαi1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gαi2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gαo | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gαl | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gαs | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gαt | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gαq | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gαz | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gα11 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gα15 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gβ1 | – | – | – | – | 0.001b | – |
| Gγ1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gγ2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gγ4 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Dopamine transcripts | 0.673 | 0.714 | 0.531 | 0.760 | – | – |
| D1 receptor | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| D2 receptor | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| D4 receptor | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| D5 receptor | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Dopamine transporter | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Tyrosine hydroxylase | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Dopa decaroxylase | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) & GTPases |
0.175 | 0.027b | 0.002 | 1.000 | – | – |
| RGS1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| RGS2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| RGS3 | – | – | – | – | 0.001a | – |
| RGS4 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| RGS5 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| RGS6 | _ | – | – | – | – | – |
| RGS7 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| RGS9 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| RGS10 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| RGS11 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| RGS12 | – | – | – | – | 0.002b | – |
| RGS13 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| RGS16 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| RAB7, member RAS oncogene family like 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ras homolog enriched in brain 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| mRNA processing | 0.204 | 0.210 | 0.442 | 0.998 | – | – |
| Fos related antigen 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Early growth response 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Early growth response 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| protein kinase, interferon-inducible RNA dependent | – | – | – | – | – | |
| CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding protein 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| RNApII | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| TATA box binding protein-associated factor, 30 kDa | – | – | – | – | – | |
| RNA polymerase II polypeptide C, 33 kDa | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cell growth/death | 0.759 | 0.515 | 0.118 | 0.943 | – | – |
| activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (arc) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| growth associated protein 43 (GAP43); neuromodulin | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| α fodrin | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| BCL2-associated X protein (bax) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Miscellaneous | 0.481 | 0.278 | 0.003 | 0.205 | – | – |
| Cocaine-amphetamine related transcript | – | – | – | – | 0.001b | – |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2 A | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cannabinoid receptor 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Normalized expression values for designated transcript classes were analyzed using a two-way anova (Group × Transcript). Post-hoc analyses were conducted as needed using Tukey’s test and the null hypothesis was rejected when p < 0.05. p-values are indicated for Main effect, Interaction and post-hoc analysis.
a
Indicates significant up-regulation in cocaine overdose victims
b
Indicates significant down-regulation in cocaine overdose victims.