Table 1.
Cohort characteristics and measurements (data are mean and standard deviations unless otherwise stated).
| Study | Country and year of measurement |
N (boys/girls) |
Follow- up time |
Age range (years) |
Height (cm) |
Weight (kg) |
BMI (kg/m2) |
Waist (cm) |
Secondary sex Stage |
Birth weight (g) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALSPAC | UK 2003/04 and 2005/06 |
3158 | 3436 | 10-15 | 151.9 (8.2) |
44.7 (10.7) |
19.2 (3.4) |
68.6 (9.5) |
1510 (22.9) |
2334 (35.4) |
1820 (27.6) |
804 (12.2) |
125 (1.9) |
3409 (551) |
|
| Ballabeina | Switzerland 2008 and 2009 |
299 | 300 | 4-8 | 113.4 (6.3) |
20.3 (3.4) |
15.7 (1.6) |
53.2 (4.4) |
NA | ||||||
| CSCIS | Denmark 2001/02 and 2004/05 |
356 | 311 | 6-11 | 124.5 (7.1) |
25.2 (5.3) |
16.1 (2.0) |
56.4 (6.1) |
454 (75.8) |
126 (21.0) |
19 (3.2) |
0 | 0 | NA | |
| Denmark EYHS |
Denmark 1997/98 and 2003/04 |
607 | 751 | 9-16 | 148.8 (15.5) |
42.1 (14.5) |
18.5 (3.1) |
63.4 (8.3) |
807 (59.4) |
129 (9.5) |
27 (2.0) |
187 (13.8) |
208 (15.3) |
3396 (587) |
|
| Estonia EYHS |
Estonia 1998/99 |
294 | 366 | 9-16 | 152.7 (17.5) |
44.6 (15.8) |
18.4 (3.1) |
62.4 (8.1) |
281 (42.6) |
60 (9.1) |
57 (8.6) |
132 (20.0) |
130 (19.7) |
3540 (598) |
|
| KISS | Switzerland 2005 and 2006 |
235 | 260 | 6-14 | 136.6 (13.2) |
33.0 (10.2) |
17.3 (2.8) |
58.6 (7.1) |
345 (69.7) |
102 (20.7) |
33 (6.7) |
12 (2.4) |
2 (0.4) |
3357 (568) |
|
| MAGIC | Scotland 2002 |
205 | 213 | 4-5 | 102.7 (4.3) |
17.3 (2.4) |
16.3 (1.5) |
51.3 (3.6) |
NA | NA | |||||
| NHANES 03/04 |
US 2003/04 |
1193 | 1154 | 6-18 | 153.9 (17.7) |
53.9 (22.1) |
21.9 (5.9) |
75.3 (15.8) |
NA | NA | |||||
| NHANES 05/06 |
US 2005/06 |
1225 | 1229 | 6-18 | 152.7 (18.0) |
52.8 (22.4) |
21.7 (6.0) |
74.9 (16.1) |
NA | NA | |||||
| Norway EYHS |
Norway 1999/2000 |
194 | 190 | 9-10 | 139.2 (6.4) |
33.2 (5.9) |
17.0 (2.2) |
60.3 (5.7) |
315 (82.1) |
64 (16.7) |
5 (1.2) |
0 | 0 | 3459 (587) |
|
| PEACH | UK 2006/07 and 2008/09 |
605 | 635 | 10-13 | 145.7 (7.3) |
39.8 (9.5) |
18.6 (3.4) |
66.9 (9.1) |
NA | NA | |||||
| Pelotas | Brazil 2006/07 |
238 | 217 | 13-14 | 158.0 (8.4) |
51.1 (12.0) |
20.3 (3.8) |
68.6 (8.4) |
NA | 3218 (533) |
|||||
| Portugal EYHS |
Portugal 1999/00 and 2008 |
610 | 613 | 9-16 | 141.5 (13.7) |
38.8 (13.2) |
18.9 (3.5) |
63.3 (8.3) |
422 (34.5) |
471 (38.5) |
29 (2.4) |
75 (6.1) |
226 (18.5) |
3385 (526) |
|
| SPEEDY | UK 2007 |
878 | 1098 | 9-11 | 141.0 (6.6) |
36.5 (8.3) |
18.2 (3.2) |
64.1 (8.4) |
NA | 3349 (582) |
|||||
| Study | DBP (mmHg) |
SBP
(mm Hg) |
Insulin
(pmol/L) * |
Triglycerides
(mg/dL) * |
HDL-Cholesterol
(mg/dL) |
Total PA
(cpm) |
Sedentary
(min/d) |
MVPA
(min/d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALSPAC | 58.7 (6.5) |
105.5 (9.9) | NA | NA | NA | 597 (189) | 356 (75) | 35 (21) |
| Ballabeina | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 702 (182) | 236 (65) | 22 (13) |
| CSCIS | 58.1 (6.0) |
98.7 (8.5) |
21.1 (19,7; 22.6) |
20.1 (16.6; 25.9) |
57.5 (10.8) | 738 (198) | 268 (62) | 36 (20) |
| Denmark EYHS | 61.3 (6.2) |
104.9 (10.0) | 49.1 (47.6; 50.7) |
29.3 (21.6; 39.4) |
58.3 (13.1) | 581 (248) | 356 (107) | 30 (23) |
| Estonia EYHS | 61.2 (7.1) |
105.9 (11.3) | 47.1 (45.1; 49.3) |
26.6 (21.2; 35.1) |
54.4 (11.2) | 625 (243) | 343 (106) | 38 (26) |
| KISS | NA | NA | 50.2 (47,3; 53.1) |
23.6 (16.6; 27.8) |
63.3 (13.5) | 647 (210) | 278 (99) | 44 (23) |
| MAGIC | 60.8 (6.6) |
97.0 (7.8) |
NA | NA | NA | 756 (187) | 192 (57) | 26 (16) |
| NHANES 03/04 | 57.7 (11.6) | 106.8 (10.3) | 58.3 (55.2; 61.5) |
31.7 (23.2; 44.0) |
54.4 (12.7) | 541 (226) | 375 (106) | 27 (21) |
| NHANES 05/06 | 58.0 (10.9) | 108.0 (10.6) | 63.5 (60.3; 66.8) |
30.9 (22.8; 41.7) |
54.4 (13.1) | 526 (228) | 378 (105) | 24 (20) |
| Norway EYHS | 62.6 (5.8) |
102.9 (7.6) | NA | 30.5 (24.7; 35.9) |
59.5 (12.0) | 711 (293) | 325 (102) | 45 (27) |
| PEACH | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 570 (170) | 362 (72) | 29 (17) |
| Pelotas | 68.2 (11.2) | 110.7 (14.1) | NA | NA | NA | 388 (144) | 491 (93) | 20 (16) |
| Portugal EYHS | 55.0 (6.4) |
96.9 (9.8) |
28.2 (27.1 (29.3) |
23.6 (18.9; 33.6) |
60.2 (12.7) | 562 (215) | 367 (94) | 29(21) |
| SPEEDY | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 602 (180) | 352 (63) | 28 (17) |
BMI, body Mass Index; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; PA, Physical activity; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; CPM, counts per minute, NA, Data Not Available
Sexual maturity according to secondary sex staging based on public hair in boys and breast development in girls, data are N and frequencies in each group from 1 to 5
*
Median and inter quartilerange
To convert conventional units for triglycerides and HDL-Cholesterol to SI units multiply by 0.0259