Table 2.

SLE disease phenotypes and associated candidate genes

Disease Phenotype
Anti-nuclear antibodies	RASGRP3; ACP5; TREX1^9;72;73
Anti-dsDNA antibodies	STAT4; HLA-DR2&DR3; IRF5; BLK; PDHF1/IRF7; ITGAM; ACP5; UBE2L3; IFIH1^{30;31;34;38;74;75}
Anti-RBP antibodies	IL10; HLA-DR2&DR3; IRF5; PDHF1/IRF7; TLR7^{22;30;31;75;76}
Immunological disorder	IL10; DNASE1L3; PDHF1/IRF7; ITGAM^10;30;31;77
Anti-phospholipid syndrome	STAT4; BLK⁷⁸
Malar rash	FCGR2A; RASGRP3; IKZF1^72;79
Discoid rash	IL10; RASGRP3; LYN; SLC15A4; ITGAM^72;79
Oral ulcers	STAT4^*⁷⁹
Neurological disorder	IL10; TREX1^73;80
Renal disorder	C1Q^*; FCGR2A; FCGR3B; TNFSF4; IL10; STAT4; DNASE1L3; C4A&B; C2; TNFAIP3; IKZF1; C1R/C1S; ITGAM; ACP5^{9;10;14;37;41;72;79;81;82}
Hematological disorder	IL21; TNFAIP3; LYN^*; PDHX/CD44; ITGAM; ACP5^{41;50;74;79;83}
Vasculitis	TNIP1⁷²
Arthritis	C4A&B; ACP5^13;74
Early age at disease onset	STAT4; ETS1^37;72

RBP, ribosomal binding protein (included: Sm/RNP, SSA/SSB)

These genes confer protection from associated clinical phenotype.