Table 3.
Serum cytokine and chemokine levels.
| Analyte (pg/mL) | Bacterial infection (n = 21) | Viral infection (n = 26) | Control subjects (n = 10) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1Ra | 15,868 ± 12,697* | 4,090 ± 5,543 | 2,376 ± 2,563 | <0.001 |
| IL-2 | 22.2 ± 9.3* | 11.2 ± 8.5 | 11,3 ± 7.2 | 0.002 |
| IL-4 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.t. |
| IL-6 | 237.4 ± 408.6* | n.d. | n.d. | <0.001 |
| IL-8 | 49.3 ± 75.1 | 12.5 ± 15.2 | 12.1 ± 15.7 | n.s. |
| TNF-α | 20.7 ± 17.1* | 3.0 ± 5.2 | 3.6 ± 8.1 | <0.001 |
| MCP-1 | 853.3 ± 1,175# | 156.6 ± 104.4 | 223.3 ± 88.7 | 0.007 |
| MIP-1β | 222.1 ± 374.7+ | 56.0 ± 37.4 | 53.4 ± 26.4 | 0.005 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation; n.d.: not detected; n.s.: not significant; n.t.: not tested; *P < 0.05, bacterial versus viral infection and control; # P < 0.05, bacterial infection versus viral infection only; + P < 0.05, bacterial versus control only.