Table 1.

Psychological/Behavioral Co-morbidity	Age range	Ethnicity	Author, Year
Internalizing Disorders
Anxiety and depression	9–18 years	92% white; 8% other	Anderson, 2006
Anxiety and depression	11–17 years	62% white; 38% non-white	Hillman, 2010
Depression	12–19 years	16% non-Hispanic white, 21% non-Hispanic black, 18.8% Mexican-Americans	Merikangas, 2012
General internalizing symptoms	5–12 years	55% White; 29% African American; 3% Hispanic; 1% Native American; 12% mixed race	Fiese, 2009
Externalizing Disorders
ADHD	6–17 years	^****62(62)% white; 15(14)% AA; 16(17)% Hispanic; 7(7)% other	Kim, 2011
ADHD	6–18 years	85% Hispanic	Mirza, 2004
Behavioral problems	^*4–5 years	^ Girls 56 (65)% white ^ Boys 66 (59) % white	Datar, 2004
Behavioral problems	8–11 years	53% white; 27% black; 20% Hispanic	Lumeng, 2003
Externalizing symptoms	5–12 years	55% White; 29% African American; 3% Hispanic; 1% Native American; 12% mixed race	Fiese, 2009
Sleep Problems
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome	2–17 years	---	Carno, 2009
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)	3–5 years; 13–16 years	^***33(38)% White non-Hispanic; 37(46)% black non-Hispanic, 27(5)% Hispanic; 3(3)% other; 3(9)% American Indian	Lazorick, 2011
Obstructive sleep apnea, daytime somnolence	6–18 years	85% Hispanic	Mirza, 2004
Sleep disruptions	5–12 years	55% White; 29% African American; 3% Hispanic; 1% Native American; 12% mixed race	Fiese, 2009
Sleep problems	7–17 years	85% White; 12% Black; 3% other	Liu, 2008
Snoring	6–18 years	85% Hispanic	Mirza, 2004
Other
Disordered eating	14–18 years	83% African-American; 7% white; 2% Hispanic; 2% other; 6% unknown	Trent, 2009
Psychological Conditions	<21 years	---	Marks, 2009
Medical Co-morbidity	Age range	Ethnicity	Author, Year
Metabolic Risk Factors
Abnormal cholesterol, HDL, and triglyceride levels	8–20 years	100% Mexican-Americans	Fortmeier-Saucier, 2008
Hypertension	3–5 years; 13–16 years	^***33(38)% White non-Hispanic; 37(46)% black non-Hispanic, 27(5)% Hispanic; 3(3)% other; 3(9)% American Indian	Lazorick, 2011
Cardiovascular risk profile High Blood pressure	6–18 years	85% Hispanic	Mirza, 2004
High blood pressure	8–17 years	Mexican-America; Puerto-Rican; Cuban-American	Din-Dzietham, 2007
High blood pressure	14–18 years	83% African-American; 7% white; 2% Hispanic; 2% other; 6% unknown	Trent, 2009
Gastrointestinal complaints	2–20 years	---	Teitelbaum, 2009
Hypertension (HTN); left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).	13–19 years	70% Caucasian; 9% African-American; 14% Hispanic; 6% other	Movahed, 2011
Metabolic syndrome	12–18 years	74% Latin; 26% Caribbean-black	Messiah, 2010
Metabolic syndrome	5–8 years	93% Hispanic; 7% other	Patino-Fernandez, 2008
Microalbuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors	12–19 years	27% non-Hispanic white; 31% non- Hispanic black; 39% Hispanic; 3% other	Nguyen, 2008
Thyroid function	6–17 years	---	Bhowmick, 2007
Pre-diabetes	3–5 years; 13–16 years	^*** 33(38)% White non-Hispanic; 37(46)% black non-Hispanic, 27(5)% Hispanic; 3(3)% other; 3(9)% American Indian	Lazorick, 2011
Asthma
Asthma	12–19 years	60% Caucasian; 19% African-American; 12% Hispanic; 9% biracial/other	Abramson, 2008
Asthma	5–12 years	55% White; 29% African American; 3% Hispanic; 1% Native American; 12% mixed race	Fiese, 2009
Asthma	7–18 years	^****57(60)% White; 6(4)% Black; 29(28)% Hispanic; 8(9)% other	Gilliland, 2003
Asthma	3–5 years; 13–16 years	^*** 33(38)% White non-Hispanic; 37(46)% black non-Hispanic, 27(5)% Hispanic; 3(3)% other; 3(9)% American Indian	Lazorick, 2011
Asthma	6–18 years	85% Hispanic; 15% other	Mirza, 2004
Asthma	9–22 years	96% Native American; 4% other	Noonan, 2010
Asthma	14–18 years	83% African-American; 7% white; 2% Hispanic; 2% other; 6% unknown	Trent, 2009
Dental Health
Dental cavities	2–6 years	61% non-Hispanic White; 14% non-Hispanic Black; 20% Hispanic; 6% other	Hong, 2008
Erosive tooth wear	13–19 years	65% white; 15% African-American; 16% Hispanic; 4% other	McGuire, 2008
Medical Expenditures
Health care expenditures	6–19 years	15% non-Hispanic Black; 18% Hispanic; 4% Asian; 63% other/unspecified	Trasande, 2009
Other
Back pain, gastroesophageal reflux disease, acanthosis nigricans	3–5 years; 13–16 years	^*** 33(38)% White non-Hispanic; 37(46)% black non-Hispanic, 27(5)% Hispanic; 3(3)% other; 3(9)% American Indian	Lazorick, 2011
Iron deficiency	12–17 years	^**27 (32)% non-Hispanic white; 40 (30)% non-Hispanic African-American; 33(39)% Hispanic	Tussing-Humphreys, 2009
Complications after reduction mammaplasty surgery	13–20 years	---	Webb, 2012
Deep venous thrombosis	1–17 years	---	Vu, 2008
Endothelial dysfunction	4–12 years	59% white; 31% black; 5% Hispanic; 5% other	Bhattacharjee, 2012
Sexual maturation	8–14 years	26(25)% non-Hispanic white; 35(36)% non-Hispanic black; 35(35)% Mexican-American; 4(4)% other	Wang, 2002
Surgery	3–17 year	35% Caucasian; 17% African-American; 42% Hispanic; 11% other	Olutoye, 2011

---No ethnicity data available

Estimated range based on mean and standard deviation

^**

Overweight/obese(healthy weight)%

^***

Age at time 1(Age at time 2)%

^****

Girls (boys)%