. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Intern Med. 2013 May;273(5):429–436. doi: 10.1111/joim.12029

Table 1.

Glial cellular senescence in the brain

Astrocytes	Microglia
Increased SA-Bgal expression	Increased SA-Bgal expression
Flat morphology	Growth arrest
Increase in p21 and p16INK4a	Telomere shortening
Development of SAHF	Development of SAHF
Increased SASP-associated inflammatory pathways (NF-kB and p38MAPK)	Increase in inflammatory factors
Increased cytokine expression (e.g. IL-6)