Fig. 1.
Quantification of neuronal thiol oxidation as an indicator of neuronal oxidative stress. a–c The false-colored images represent SS/SH ratios assessed in MAP2+ neurons by confocal microscopy. High ratios (white-yellow) indicate high levels of neuronal thiol oxidation, whereas low ratios (blue-green) indicate low levels of neuronal thiol oxidation. Each image is from a neuron-astrocyte co-culture treated with 20 nM rotenone for 24 h. The DJ-1 expression status of each co-cultured astrocyte type is indicated below the figure. d–f MAP2+ (blue fluorescence) neuronal cell fields that correspond to the thiol oxidation images in a–c, respectively (boxes indicate the portions shown in the upper images). g Representative neuron-astrocyte co-culture showing the relative densities of each cell type at the time of assessments