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. 2012 Sep 7;9:72. doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-72

Table 1.

Non antigen-specific immune therapy

Name Trial	Species	Baseline patients characteristics	Type of immune therapy	Route and frequency of administration	Number of patients	Outcome	References
Phase I dose escalation trial	Human	HAART	IL-12	sc, single dose	47	Dose related increase in serum IFN-γ levels, NK and CD8 T cell numbers.	[35]
Phase I randomized placebo controlled	Human	HAART	IL-12	sc, multi dose twice weekly for 4 weeks.	56	Well tolerated at doses up to 100 ng/kg. Dose related increase in neopterin levels. No differences in other immunological parameters or viral load	[36]
Three randomized trials	Human	Mono- or dual treated	IL-2	iv intermittent 5 days regimen	155	Higher CD4 T cell count, lower VL and 43% reduction in risk of disease progression or death.	[37]
SILCAAT	Human	HAART Low CD4 T cell count	IL-2	sc 6 cycles of IL-2 twice daily for 5 consecutive days	1695	Sustained effect on CD4 T cells without affecting clinical progression	[38]
ESPRIT	Human	HAART High CD4 T cell count	IL-2	sc 3 cycles of IL-2 twice daily for 5 consecutive days	4111	Temporary effect on CD4 T cells without affecting clinical progression.	[38]
ANRS 119 randomized clinical trial	Human	Therapy naïve	IL-2	sc 3 cycles of IL2 for 5 consecutive days	130	Sustained increase in CD4 T cells without affecting viral load.	[39]
ANRS-NIH ILIADE	Human	HAART with high CD4	IL-2	sc 3 cycles of IL2 for 5 consecutive days. ATI on week 24	148	Delay HAART resumption following treatment interruption. No effect on viral load.	[40]
Random placebo controlled trial	Human	Therapy naïve	IL-7	sc, single injection	25	Increased numbers of circulating CD4 and CD8 T cells. Transient increase in VL.	[41]
EudraCT (open label phase I/IIa)	Human	HAART	IL-7	sc repeated injections. Eight doses 3 times a week	13	Expansion of naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells.	[42]
	Rhesus macaque	Chronic SIV	IL-7	sc 4 injections every 3 weeks	9	Counteracts IFN-α induced lymphopenia. Increasing circulating CD4 T cells.	[43]
	Indian rhesus macaque	Chronic SIV + HAART	IL-15	sc twice a week from day 0-day42	16	Delayed viral suppression. Failed to enhance antigen-specific CD4 T cell reconstitution at mucosal and lymphoid sites. Upon ATI loss of CD4 T cells more rapidly.	[44]
	Indian rhesus macaque	Chronic SIV	IL-21	2 iv injections 7 days apart and 3 sc doses 23 days after 2^nd vaccination.	7	Safe and well tolerated. Increased cytotoxic potential of T cells, increased SIV antibody production.	[45]
	Indian rhesus macaque	Chronic SIV	Blocking Ab to PD-1	Iv	14	Expansion virus specific CD8 T cells and B cell activation. Reduction in plasma VL and prolonged survival.	[46]
	Rhesus macaque	Chronic SIV + HAART	Blocking Ab to CTLA4	iv	16	Increase CD4 and CD8 T cell responses and drop of viral RNA.	[47]
	Indian rhesus macaque	Chronic SIV + HAART	Blocking Ab to CTLA4	iv	10	No expansion SIV specific T-cells. Increased activation of T cells and increased viral replication at mucosal sites.	[48]