Table 1.
Manipulations that affect CaMKII function and their effects on hippocampal LTP and learning
| (or) Protein/ residue |
Manipulation (or modification) |
Biochemical effect (of the manipulation or the native residue) |
Hippocampal LTP |
Spatial Learning |
Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CaMKIIα | Inhibition | no activity | impaired | impaired | [5, 27] |
| KO | no α isoform protein | impaired | impaired | [6, 22] | |
| K42 | Required for ATP binding | N/A | N/A | ||
| R or M | ATP binding impaired | impaired | impaired | [145] | |
| S314 | (Phosphorylation) | Phos together with T305/306, but unknown function | N/A | N/A | [70, 71] |
| T253 | (Phosphorylation) | Phos. enhances PSD association | N/A | N/A | [146] |
| T286 | (Phosphorylation) | phos. generates autonomy; fast reaction (~12 sec−1) | N/A | N/A | [2, 29][75] |
| A | no phos.; autonomy impaired | impaired | impaired | [26] | |
| D (regulated overexpression) | phos. mimic; constitutively autonomous | impaired | impaired | [147] | |
| T305/306 | (Phosphorylation) | Phos. prevents stimulation by CaM; slow reaction | N/A | N/A | [70–72] |
| A/V or A/A | no phos.; always stimulatable | facilitated | impaired “unlearning” | [127] | |
| D | phos mimic; no stimulation | impaired | impaired | [127] | |
| (β A303R) | prevents CaM binding; no stimulation | normal | normal | [89] | |
| CaMKIIβ | KO | no β isoform protein | impaired | impaired | [89] |
| GluN2B (T286) | L1298A/R1300Q or R1300Q/S1303D | impairs CaMKII binding to its major site on GluN2B | impaired | impaired | [93, 94] |