Table 1.
Clinical features of patient cohort
| Case | Age (years)/sex | Disease duration (years) | Predominant symptoms (in addition to akinesia) | Preoperative medication (total daily dose) | UPDRS ON/OFF medication | UPDRS OFF medication/ON DBS | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 40/male | 10 | Gait impairment, tremor | 1200 mg of levodopa, 5 mg of pramipexole | 9/30 | 21 | Additional tics from age 12 |
| 2 | 55/male | 15 | Tremor, freezing, motor fluctuations | 1000 mg of levodopa, 16 mg of ropinirole, 10 mg of selegiline, 100 mg of amantadine | 5/19 | 18 | |
| 3 | 59/female | 13 | Gait freezing, dyskinesias | 500 mg of levodopa, 1 mg of cabergoline, 100 mg of amantadine, 2 mg of apomorphine | 10/36 | 11 | Recording done ON medication only; cluster headache |
| 4 | 45/female | 8 | Tremor | 27 mg of ropinirole | –/50 | 42 | DBS lead only in the right STN; the patient was intolerant of levodopa so recording done OFF medication only |
| 5 | 58/female | 14 | Gait freezing, pain, dyskinesias, motor fluctuations | 250 mg of levodopa, 4 mg of pramipexole | 18/71 | 15b | |
| 6 | 64/female | 8 | Tremor, dyskinesias | 500 mg of levodopa, 17 mg of ropinirole, 300 mg of amantadine, 1 mg of rasagline | 18/51 | 23a | Recording done ON medication only; hypothyroidism |
| 7 | 51/male | 9 | Gait impairment, tremor | 800 mg of levodopa, 1 mg of rasagiline | 21/49 | 19c | REM sleep disorder; previous DOPA dysregulation |
| 8 | 60/male | 15 | Dyskinesias, gait freezing, tremor | 1300 mg of levodopa, 18 mg of ropinirole, 10 mg of selegiline, 2 mg of amantadine | 10/56 | 23 | |
| 9 | 54/male | 8 | Gait impairment, dyskinesias | 1200 mg of levodopa, 4 mg of cabergoline, 800 mg of entacapone, 300 mg of amantadine | 9/38 | 15a | |
| 10 | 66/male | 8 | Freezing, motor fluctuations, dyskinesias, tremor | 800 mg of levodopa, 2 mg of pramipexole, 1 mg of rasagline, 200 mg of amantadine, 4–8 mg of apomorphine | 18/72 | 21a | Recording done ON medication only |
| 11 | 48/male | 11 | Gait freezing, tremor | 1250 mg of levodopa, 1 mg of rasagiline, 500 mg of entacapone | 16/72 | 25c | |
| 12 | 63/female | 9 | Tremor, pain | 4 mg of rotigotine, 1 mg of rasagiline | –/51 | 12d | LRRK2 mutation; patient was intolerant to levodopa, so recording was done OFF medication only |
| 13 | 61/male | 9 | Gait freezing, tremor | 1800 mg of levodopa, 500 μg of pramipexole | 5/28 | 19 | |
| 14 | 58/female | 10 | Dystonia, dyskinesia, motor fluctuations | 450 mg of levodopa, 3 mg of pramipexole, 2 mg of rasagiline | 16/55 | 16c | |
| 15 | 52/male | 12 | Dystonia | 950 mg of levodopa, 4 mg of rotigotine, 1 mg of rasagiline | 10/35 | 26 | |
| 16 | 58/male | 13 | Gait freezing | 1200 mg of levodopa, 400 mg of amantadine, 600 mg of entacapone, 1 mg of rasagiline | 25/43 | 17 | |
| 17 | 57/male | 17 | Gait impairment, pain, dyskinesias | 1550 mg of levodopa, 1600 mg of entacapone, 10 mg of selegiline, 200 mg of amantadine | 14/54 | 32 |
All patients received bilateral STN DBS electrodes except for case 4. The dose of pramipexole is given as a salt. Psychiatric comorbidities were mania and compulsivity (1 case), hypersexuality (2 cases), depression (1 case), past history of gambling on dopamine agonist (1 case). UPDRS scores OFF medication/ON DBS were assessed at 6 months (a), 8 months (b), 10 months (c), or 1 year (unmarked) post-operatively. Subject 12 was assessed on 1 mg of rasagiline ON DBS (d).