Table 1.
PATHOBIONTS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
| Bacterial strain | Conditions Promoting Pathogenesis | Refs |
|---|---|---|
| Segmented Filamentous Bacteria | • leads to colitis in SCID mice reconstituted with CD4+CD45Rbhigh T cells | 15 |
| • promotes disease in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis in mono-associated gnotobiotic mice | 16,17 | |
|
| ||
| Helicobacter hepaticus | • induces colitis in C57BI/6 IL-10−/− mice | 24 |
| • initiates colitis and large bowel carcinoma in 129/SvEv Rag2−/− mice | 28 | |
|
| ||
| Helicobacter pylori | • genetic polymorphisms of IL1B associated with increased risk of gastric cancer | 40 |
|
| ||
| Proteus mirabilis Klebsiella pneumonia | • responsible for inducing colitis and colorectal cancer in T-bet−/−Rag2−/− (TRUC) mice | 48 |
|
| ||
| Prevotellaceae TM7 | • responsible for inducing colitis in mice with mutations in the inflammasome pathway | 57 |
|
| ||
| Clostridium difficile | • can lead to pseudomembranous colitis in humans, following long-term antibiotic treatment | 58 |
|
| ||
| Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus | • capable of invading the bloodstream in humans treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics | 59,60 |