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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 14.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Pathol. 2010;5:51–75. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-121808-102113

Figure 2. Mutational homeostasis.

Figure 2

In each human cell DNA is damaged thousands of times per day by both exogenous and endogenous sources. Most alterations are corrected by cellular mechanisms including: base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), transcription coupled repair (TCR), mismatch repair (MMR) and double strand break repair (DSBR). Lesions that escape repair have the potential to cause mutations during DNA replication.