Table 1.
Ages in months at which AD-like pathologies first appear in 3xTg-AD mice
| Condition | Ages | References |
|---|---|---|
| Mitochondrial dysfunction | 3 | Yao et al., 2009 |
| Oxidative stress | 3 | Resende et al., 2008 |
| Intraneuronal Aβ staining | 4 | Billings et al., 2005 |
| Extracellular Aβ (plaques) | 6 | Billings et al., 2005 |
| Memory deficits | 4 | Billings et al., 2005 |
| Neurofibrillary tangles | 12 | Rissman et al., 2004 |
| Synaptic dysfunction | 6 | Oddo et al., 2003b |
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the earliest pathologies noted in the brains of 3xTg-AD mice. The pathologies shown continue to progress as the animals age. Aβ deposition occurs in cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Synaptic dysfunction was determined in CA1.