FIGURE 1.
VEGF neutralization blocks tumor-induced alterations in endothelial cell secretion of immune modulatory products. VEGF neutralizing antibody or isotype control antibody was added to tumor-conditioned medium immediately before treatment of endothelial cells as indicated. Supernatants were then prepared from endothelial cell that were pretreated with tumor-conditioned medium (EndoLLC–sup), with medium (EndoMedia) or with epithelial cell supernatants (EndoEpi–sup). Endothelial cell-conditioned media were collected and assayed by ELISA for presence of immune modulatory products. Data shown are mean ±SEM with n ≥4 per treatment group. Statistics shown are Student t test results between indicated treatment groups. ELISA indicates enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; NS, no statistically significant difference between treatments; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.