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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Jul 1;1822(3):333–339. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.06.011

Figure 1. Relationship of Insulin and Cognitive Decline in Nondemented Controls.

Figure 1

Insulin area under the curve over a three-hour intravenous glucose tolerance test is associated with cognitive decline over two years in older adults without dementia, with increasing insulin levels associated with greater decline in cognition. Cognitive measures are corrected for age, sex, and education and presented in the figure as standardized values.