Table 3.
Brachial artery responses to drink ingestion
| Study day | Time point | FBF, ml | Brachial Diameter, mm | FMD, Δ | FMD, % | Shear, AUC au |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Preingestion | 18 ± 2 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 3,487 ± 281 |
| (0 g cocoa) | 1 h post | 17 ± 1 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 3,525 ± 266 |
| 2 h post | 17 ± 1 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 3,824 ± 411 | |
| 2 g cocoa | Preingestion | 18 ± 2 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 3,383 ± 311 |
| 1 h post | 17 ± 1 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 3,761 ± 259 | |
| 2 h post | 17 ± 1 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 3,992 ± 433 | |
| 5 g cocoa | Preingestion | 18 ± 2 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 3,508 ± 308 |
| 1 h post | 17 ± 2 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 3,302 ± 315 | |
| 2 h post | 18 ± 2 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 0.20 ± 0.01† | 5.0 ± 0.4† | 3,926 ± 325 | |
| 13 g cocoa | Preingestion | 18 ± 2 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 3.6 ± 0.2* | 3,494 ± 280 |
| 1 h post | 16 ± 1 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 0.19 ± 0.01†‡ | 4.6 ± 0.3†‡ | 3,498 ± 341 | |
| 2 h post | 17 ± 1 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 0.20 ± 0.01†‡ | 5.1 ± 0.2† | 4,111 ± 325 | |
| 26 g cocoa | Preingestion | 17 ± 2 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 3,538 ± 250 |
| 1 h post | 18 ± 2 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 0.21 ± 0.02†‡§ | 5.2 ± 0.3†‡ | 3,865 ± 275 | |
| 2 h post | 18 ± 1 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 0.24 ± 0.02†‡§ | 6.1 ± 0.4†§ | 3,782 ± 337 |
Values are means ± SE. FBF, forearm blood flow at rest; FMD, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation; brachial diameterm brachial artery diameter at rest; Shear, area under the curve (AUC) for shear (4*brachial artery mean blood velocity/brachial artery diameter) from cuff release to the point of maximal brachial dilation during the FMD measurement.
*
P < 0.05 compared with preingestion (2 g cocoa);
†
P < 0.05 compared with preingestion (same study day);
‡
P < 0.05 compared with 2 g cocoa response (same time point);
§
P < 0.05 compared with 5 g cocoa response (same time point).