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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Cancer Biol. 2010 Sep 17;21(1):28–34. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.09.001

Figure 1. Molecular pathways of neutralization of C/EBPα in liver cancer.

Figure 1

There are three known pathways of the elimination or reduction of growth inhibitory activity of C/EBPα. The first pathway (I) includes transcriptional repression of the C/EBPα promoter. The second pathway (II) includes hyper-phosphorylation of C/EBPα at S193 by cdk4/cdc2 and following elimination of S193-ph-C/EBPα by gankyrin-UPS system [31]. The third pathway (III) includes de-phosphorylation of C/EBPα at S193 by a phosphatase PP2A. While protein levels of C/EBPα are not changed (or even increased), the de-ph-S193 molecule does not interact with cdk2 and Brm and does not inhibit liver proliferation.