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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2011 Sep 14;51(6):902–905. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.08.029

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Photo-released caged Ca2+ acutely re-establishes coupling of Ca2+ clock and M clocks. (A) Prior to the flash, the Ca2+ buffer uncoupled LCRs (line scan image) from APs (brown lines) resulting in a slow, dysrhythmic AP firing rate. (B) Following the last of four 50 ms UV flashes (black arrows), large, synchronous LCRs emerge (small white arrows) and are coupled to the AP occurrence via an acute increase in DD rate, resulting in acute increase in AP firing rate (C). The concomitant acute increase of integral of Ca2+ release in the form of LCRs (detected by the Ca2+ indicator) (LDCaE) is shown in panel D. (Note that APs continued to be recorded for a number of beats beyond the Ca2+ recording). (E, F) The absence of LDCaE pre-flash and its appearance following flash. (G) The acute coupling of the clocks post flash induces a shift in the Ca2+-membrane potential phase-plane diagram relates to AP cycles in E and F.