. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Trends Neurosci. 2011 Sep 30;34(11):591–598. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.08.007

Table 1.

Arc functional roles in the brain and in neurological diseases^a.

Function/Disease	Model System	Technique/Behavioral Task	Refs
Memory consolidation	Arc KO mice, knockdown in rats in hippocampus, amygdala, or anterior cingulate cortex	Spatial learning, fear conditioning, taste aversion, object recognition, contextual inhibitory avoidance task	[17, 60, 70, 72]
Reconsolidation of memory	Knockdown in lateral nucleus of amygdala	Reactivation of memory in a Pavlovian fear conditioning test	[73]
Response to visual experience or deprivation	Arc KO mice	Ocular dominance plasticity, stimulus-selective potentiation, visual cortex development, orientation specificity, average spike tuning	[74] [75] [56]
Network excitability	Arc KO mice	EEG recordings and seizure induction	[16]
Alzheimer’s Disease	hAPP mice, amyloid-β treatment in vitro	Arc expression in a novel environment, BDNF stimulation	[77] [78]
Alcohol-induced plasticity	Arc knockdown in amygdala, alcohol exposure	Arc expression after alcohol- drinking	[80]
Angelman Syndrome	Ube3A KO mice, Arc knockdown in vitro	Arc and GluA1 expression	[52]
Fragile X Syndrome	Fmr1 KO mice	mGluR LTD induced rapid Arc translation	[30]
Aging	Aged rats	Arc gene methylation and expression	[83]

Abbreviations: EEG electroencephalogram; hAPP human amyloid precursor protein; Fmr1 Fragile X mental retardation protein.