. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2011 Aug 5;36(12):1282–1287. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.07.046

Table 3.

Interaction between substance use, bodily pain and non-medical prescription drug use^*

	Prevalence ratio (95% Confidence interval)
	No pain	Pain interferes with activity^†
	No pain	A little	Moderately	Highly
Marijuana use^*
No	1	3.37 (2.18 – 5.21)	4.03 (2.43 – 6.66)	4.23 (2.57 – 6.94)
Yes	1	1.72 (1.15 – 2.58)	1.26 (0.77 – 2.07)	2.04 (1.31 – 3.18)
Non-injection cocaine/heroin use^*
No	1	3.27 (1.88 – 5.71)	3.15 (1.58 – 6.28)	3.38 (1.57 – 7.26)
Yes	1	1.76 (1.22 – 2.55)	1.72 (1.12 – 2.65)	2.13 (1.37 – 3.30)
Injection drug use^*
None	1	4.40 (1.50 – 12.93)	1.61 (0.31 – 8.48)	6.45 (1.97 – 21.13)
< daily	1	2.36 (1.40 – 3.96)	1.64 (0.84 – 3.21)	2.41 (1.34 – 4.32)
≥ daily	1	1.57 (1.08 – 2.29)	2.03 (1.35 – 3.03)	2.18 (1.43 – 3.33)

^†

reference group for all three comparisons is no bodily pain

refer to behaviors in the prior six months