Table 3.
Mean withdrawal and craving scores (standard deviation) for taper groups at assessment time-points.
| Assessment period | COWS
|
ARSW
|
VAS
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7-day | 28-day | 7-day | 28-day | 7-day | 28-day | |
| Baseline | 8.68 (4.21) | 8.30 (3.69) | 62.69 (31.67) | 61.66 (32.67) | 71.15 (22.55) | 68.15 (25.87) |
| Induction | 5.01 (3.84) | 4.49 (3.09) | 41.06 (32.31) | 37.27 (28.60) | 46.73 (30.65) | 44.33 (27.95) |
| Randomization | 0.97 (1.38) | 0.95 (1.24) | 10.68 (16.03) | 10.61 (15.52) | 11.58 (18.99) | 13.24 (19.97) |
| End of taper | 2.73 (3.08) | 2.53 (3.56) | 21.93 (25.95) | 17.96 (24.76) | 24.50 (29.63) | 23.24 (30.29) |
| 1-month follow-up | 1.58 (2.73) | 0.98 (1.64)* | 14.99 (23.26) | 13.56 (19.50) | 25.77 (30.61) | 22.25 (28.49) |
| 3-month follow-up | 0.81 (1.65) | 1.22 (1.77) | 11.55 (21.41) | 13.16 (17.76) | 19.42 (27.54) | 24.26 (29.52) |
*
P < 0.05. The withdrawal and craving scores presented from baseline to randomization are for all 516 randomized participants. Scores for end of taper through the 3-month follow-up time points decrease subsequently in numbers. COWS: Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale; ARSW: Adjective Rating Scale for Withdrawal; VAS: Visual Analog Scale.