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Cytokine expression by model epithelia after stimulation with IL-17A, IL-22, or IL-1β. Relative CCL20 (A and B), IL-8 (C), or CXCL1 (D) transcript levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR after basolateral stimulation of polarized CaCo-2 cells with IL-17A, IL-22, or IL-1β. Bars represent geometric means ± standard error of data from three independent experiments. Brackets indicate the statistical significance of differences. *, P < 0.05.
