Table 1. Genes that can directly lead to Parkinson disease.
Genetic loci are listed alongside their chromosomal mapping, gene, protein product, putative protein function, and mode of genetic inheritance. AD, autosomal-dominant; AR, autosomal-recessive.
| Locus (gene) |
Map Position |
Protein | Putative function(s) | Inheritance pattern |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARK1/PARK4 (SNCA) | 4q21 | α-synuclein | Presynaptic protein, neurotransmission, chaperone vesicle recycling | AD |
| PARK2 | 6q25–q27 | parkin | Ubiquitin E3 ligase, mitophagy, neuroprotective | AR/juvenile and early onset |
| PARK5 | 4p14 | ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCH-L1) | Ubiquitin hydrolase | AD |
| PARK6 | 1p35–p36 | PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK-1) | Mitochondrial S/T-protein kinase, mitophagy neuroprotective | AR/early onset |
| PARK7 | 1p36 | DJ-1 | Chaperone, antioxidant, RNA binding, neuroprotective | AR/early onset |
| PARK8 | 12q12 | Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) | Protein kinase | AD |
| PARK9 | 1p36 | ATP13A2 | Lysosomal ATPase Probable cation-transporting | AR/juvenile and early onset |
| PARK14 | 22q13.1 | PLA2G6/85 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2 | Catalyzes fatty acids release from phospholipids | AR/juvenile onet |