Table 2.
Logistic regression model showing associated factors of antepartum depressive symptoms among women in a rural area of Bangladesh
| Associated factors | Depressed N = 132 (%) | Non-depressed N = 588 (%) | Adjusted OR | CI95% | Wald |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomic indicators | |||||
| Age | |||||
| <20 years | 22 (16.7) | 135 (23.0) | 1 | ||
| 20-34 years | 90 (68.2) | 413 (70.2) | 1.48 | 0.71-3.06 | 1.09 |
| ≥35 years | 20 (15.2) | 40 (6.8) | 3.00 | 1.12-8.01 | 4.79 |
| Literacy | |||||
| Cannot read and write | 75 (56.8) | 221 (37.6) | 1 | ||
| Can read and write | 57 (43.2) | 367 (62.4) | 0.59 | 0.37-0.95 | 4.68 |
| Poor household economic status | |||||
| ≥BDT 31.25 | 59(44.7) | 301 (51.2) | 1 | ||
| <BDT 31.25 | 73 (55.3) | 287 (48.8) | 0.91 | 0.57-1.45 | 0.16 |
| Involve in income-generating activities | |||||
| No | 82 (62.1) | 424 (72.1) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 50 (37.9) | 164 (27.9) | 1.24 | 0.78-1.97 | 0.80 |
| Family Support | |||||
| Relationship with husband | |||||
| Good | 74 (56.5) | 473 (80.4) | 1 | ||
| Poor | 57 (43.5) | 115 (19.6) | 2.23 | 3.37-3.62 | 10.49 |
| Practical support during pregnancy | |||||
| No support received | 38 (28.8) | 101 (17.2) | 1 | ||
| Support received | 94 (71.2) | 487 (82.8) | 0.61 | 0.36-1.01 | 3.73 |
| Intimate partner violence | |||||
| Experienced forced sex ever | |||||
| No | 14 (10.6) | 136 (23.1) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 118 (89.4) | 452 (76.9) | 1.95 | 1.01-3.75 | 3.95 |
| Experienced multiple acts of physical violence | |||||
| No | 61 (46.2) | 416 (70.7) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 71 (53.8) | 172 (29.3) | 1.69 | 1.02-2.80 | 4.08 |
| Obstetric indicators | |||||
| Parity | |||||
| Multipara | 107 (81.1) | 413 (70.2) | 1 | ||
| Primipara | 25 (18.9) | 175 (29.8) | 1.33 | 0.66-2.70 | 0.62 |
| History of child death | |||||
| No | 93 (70.5) | 459 (78.1) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 39 (29.5) | 129 (21.9) | 1.15 | 0.69-1.92 | 0.29 |
| Current pregnancy planned | |||||
| No | 81 (61.4) | 271 (46.1) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 51 (38.6) | 317 (53.9) | 0.76 | 0.48-1.21 | 1.32 |
| Previous history of mental illness1 | |||||
| No | 86 (69.9) | 505 (92.2) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 37 (30.1) | 43 (7.8) | 4.62 | 2.72-7.85 | 31.91 |
1N = 671, because this information was collected during 2-3 months postpartum when 49 women were lost to follow-up due to out-migration, multiple birth, still birth, neonatal death, maternal and child death.