Table 1.
Characteristics of Subjects
| Age/gender/race | PMI | TF | pH | Cause of death | Medicationa | Toxicology | History of depression | Family history | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | |||||||||
| 1 | 71/M/C | 24.0 | 5 | 6.82 | N | None known | NDD | None | Alcohol abuse |
| 2 | 58/M/C | 21.5 | 5 | 6.78 | N | digoxin | NDD | None | Alcohol and drug abuse |
| 3 | 24/M/AAm | 15.0 | 24 | 6.84 | H | None known | NDD | None | None |
| 4 | 30/F/C | 9.0 | 29 | 6.75 | N | None known | NDD | None | None |
| 5 | 47/M/C | 17.0 | 7 | 6.89 | N | famotidine | NDD | None | Alcohol abuse |
| 6 | 23/F/C | 11.0 | 23 | 6.85 | A | levonorgestrel implant | NDD | None | None |
| 7 | 46/F/C | 24.0 | 25.5 | 6.32 | H | maxitrol | NDD | None | None |
| 8 | 57/M/C | 10.0 | 12 | 6.65 | N | naprosyn | NDD | None | None |
| 9 | 33/M/C | 27.0 | 15 | 6.70 | N | None known | cannabinoids | None | None |
| 10 | 27/F/C | 15.0 | 21 | 7.01 | N | captopril, ENDURONYL, ENALAPRIL, TOPRAL, lopressor | NDD | None | None |
| 11 | 60/F/AAm | 19.0 | 11 | 6.74 | N | None known | NDD | None | None |
| 12 | 69/M/C | 18.0 | 49 | 6.70 | N | None known | NDD | None | None |
| 13 | 60/M/AAm | 27.0 | 45.7 | 6.75 | H | None known | NDD | None | None |
| 14 | 51/M/C | 28.0 | 24.5 | 6.64 | N | None known | NDD | None | None |
| 15 | 52/M/C | 17.0 | 45.9 | 6.28 | N | None known | NDD | None | None |
| 16 | 53/M/AAm | 23.0 | 45.2 | 6.77 | E | None known | NDD | None | None |
| 17 | 18/F/C | 27.0 | 43.4 | 6.78 | A | None known | NDD | None | None |
| 18 | 39/M/C | 21.0 | 13.9 | 6.74 | N | None known | lidocaine | None | None |
| 19 | 59/M/C | 6.0 | 42.5 | 6.79 | N | None known | lidocaine | None | None |
| 20 | 38/M/C | 30.0 | 42.3 | 6.74 | N | None known | NDD | None | None |
| 21 | 42/M/C | 20.0 | 11.9 | 6.82 | N | None known | NDD | None | None |
| Average | 45.6 | 20.0 | 25.8 | 6.73 |
| Age/gender/race | PMI | TF | pH | Cause of death | Medicationa | Toxicology | History of depression | Family history | Duration of alcoholismb | Age of onset | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol | |||||||||||
| 22 | 50/M/C | 17.0 | 34 | 6.67 | S | TRAZODONE-NON COMPLIANT | EtOH 0.12 | MDD | Father: Alcohol abuse | 2 | 48 |
| 23 | 61/M/AAm | 27.0 | 30 | 6.68 | N | NITROGLYCERIN | NDD | No | Father and brothers: Alcohol abuse | 46 | 15 |
| 24 | 36/M/C | 15.0 | 13 | 6.72 | S | AMITRIP, chlordiazepoxide, metronidazole, buspirone | EtOH 0.19, amitrip, diazepam, cocaine metabolite | MDD | Alcohol abuse, suicide attempts, affective disorders | 21 | 15 |
| 25 | 48/F/C | 30.0 | 18 | 6.23 | A | IMIPRAMINE, PAROXETINE, VALPROATE, CLONAZEPAM, LUVOX? | imipramine, acetone, isopropanol, lidocaine | Moderate BPD, recently depressed | Father: Alcohol abuse, Maternal grandmother: bipolar depression | 33 | 15 |
| 26 | 29/M/C | 27.0 | 24 | 6.75 | N | None known | NDD | Depressed mood, several episodes in last year | Father: attempted suicide, Alcoholic uncle | 14 | 15 |
| 27 | 37/M/C | 19.0 | 16 | 6.89 | S | SERTRALINE 1DAY, Hx: paroxetine | EtOH 0.13 | moderate MDD | Both parents alcoholic | 23 | 14 |
| 28 | 30/M/C | 12.0 | 18 | 6.49 | A | None known | EtOH 0.17, CO 49% | No | Father and brother: Alcohol abuse | 15 | 14 |
| 29 | 54/M/C | 24.0 | 12 | 6.42 | N | None known | lidocaine | No | Sister: heavy drinker | 39 | 15 |
| 30 | 41/F/C | 24.0 | 11 | 6.74 | N | None known | diazepam, chlorpheniramine, lidocaine | No | Alcohol abuse | 20 | 21 |
| 31 | 51/M/C | 22.0 | 9 | 7.07 | S | SERTRALINE | EtOH 0.16 | Depressed mood, long periods | Alcohol abuse | 33 | 18 |
| 32 | 59/M/C | 36.0 | 37.5 | 6.74 | S | None known | EtOH 0.08 | No | None | 39 | 20 |
| 33 | 46/M/C | 26.0 | 35.1 | 6.84 | N | None known | NDD | No | Father, grandfather: Alcoholic | 34 | 12 |
| 34 | 50/M/C | 14.0 | 30.1 | 6.66 | A | GLUXOTROL, ISOSORBIDE, BUMETANIDE, DILTIAZEM, FOSINOPRIL | EtOH 0.27 | No | Aunt: depression, suicide attempt. Brothers (3): emotional, alcohol, drug problems | 20 | 30 |
| 35 | 44/M/C | 17.0 | 28.8 | 6.87 | N | None | EtOH 0.12 | No | Not reported | 26 | 18 |
| 36 | 40/F/C | 27.5 | 15.7 | 6.67 | N | ALBUTEROL | NDD | No | Sister: emotional problems | 21 | 19 |
| 37 | 44/M/C | 20.0 | 13.7 | 6.77 | S | FLUOXETINE, LORAZEPAM, diclofenac | fluoxetine | MDD, mild | Father: alcoholic, Aunt: depression | 10 | 34 |
| 38 | 30/F/C | 17.0 | 13 | 6.77 | S | fluoxetine, sertraline, alprazolam, paroxetine, BUPROPRION | EtOH 0.26 | MDD, single moderate | Aunts and uncles with alcohol problems | 9 | 21 |
| Average | 44.2 | 21.9 | 21.11 | 6.70 |
AAm, African American; A, accident; BPD, bipolar disorder; C, caucasian; E, electrocution; F, female; H, homicide; M, male; MDD, major depressive disorder; N, natural; NDD, no drugs detected; PMI, postmortem interval (hours), defined as the time between death and the beginning of the formalin-fixation; S, suicide, TF, time in formalin (months); EtOH, ethanol blood level; Amitrip, Amitriptyline.
Capitalized drugs were prescribed in last month of life.
The duration (years) of alcohol dependence covers the time between the first display (and not necessarily diagnosis) of signs of dependence and the date of death.