. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2011 Apr-Jun;25(2):128–137. doi: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e3181ffa76d

Table 5c.

Evaluation of Invariance Over Time: Dementia (CDR>0.5)

	Model 1 Configural Invariance		Model 2 Metric Invariance		Model 3 Strong (Scalar)Factorial Invariance		Model 4 Strict Invariance
Test	Means and variances held constant		Factor Loading/Variances/Means held constant		Intercepts/Factor Loading/ Variances held constant, means=0 in reference group		Intercepts/Factor Loading/ Variances / Residual Variances held constant, means=0 in reference group
	Baseline N=1564	Follow-up N=1428	Baseline N=1564	Follow-up N=1428	Baseline N=1564	Follow-up N=1428	Baseline N=1564	Follow-up N=1428
Memory
LM Immediate Recall	1.04	1.06	1.03	1.07	1.03	1.06	1.04	1.04
LM Delayed Recall	0.63	0.59	0.61	0.61	0.62	0.61	0.61	0.61
Attention
Digits Forward	0.66	0.66	0.66	0.67	0.66	0.67	0.66	0.66
Digits Fwd Length	0.63	0.63	0.63	0.63	0.63	0.63	0.63	0.63
Digits Backward	0.89	0.92	0.90	0.91	0.90	0.91	0.91	0.91
Digits Bkwd Length	0.85	0.88	0.86	0.88	0.86	0.88	0.87	0.87
Executive
Trails A	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.86	0.85	0.86	0.85	0.85
Trails B	0.80	0.77	0.78	0.79	0.78	0.79	0.79	0.79
WAIS (Digit Symbol)	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.90	0.90
Language
Animals	0.90	0.90	0.89	0.90	0.89	0.91	0.90	0.90
Vegetables	0.79	0.83	0.80	0.83	0.80	0.83	0.81	0.81
Boston Naming	0.67	0.74	0.69	0.72	0.69	0.72	0.70	0.70
Fit Statistics
CFI	0.988		0.988		0.988		0.988
TLI	0.983		0.985		0.986		0.987
RMSEA	0.044		0.041		0.040		0.038
SRMR	0.030		0.033		0.034		0.036
^†BIC, p-value, df	−381.56, −, 92		−464.77, p<.0001, 104		−522.01, p<.0001, 112		−601.56, p<.0001, 124
^†S-B χ² p-value, df	df = 92		p = 0.001, df = 104		p < 0.01, df = 112		p = 0.002, df = 124

^†

Nested models tested using BIC³³ and Satorra-Bentler Scaled χ²test.³² Model 1 was used as the starting point as the least constrained model. Each model was found to be statistically significantly different from the prior model based on both measures

CFI=Comparative fit index, better fit >0.90; range 0.0 -1.0 ³⁴

TLI= Tucker-Lewis index: better fit > 0.90; range 0.0 -1.0 ³⁶

RMSEA= Root mean square error of approximation: better fit <0.05³⁹

SRMR= Standardized root mean square residual: better fit <0.05⁴⁰

BIC= Bayesian Information Criterion: better fit<0.0³³

S-B=Satorra-Bentler Scaled χ²test.³²