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. 2011 Mar 14;29(11):1458–1464. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.6695

Table A1.

Association Between Cancer Diagnosis and Geriatric Syndromes Among Medicare Beneficiaries (N = 12,480)

Factor Trouble Seeing
 Trouble Hearing
 Trouble Eating
 Incontinence
 Falls
 Osteoporosis
 Memory Loss
 Depression
OR 95% CI P OR 95% CI P OR 95% CI P OR 95% CI P OR 95% CI P OR 95% CI P OR 95% CI P OR 95% CI P
Age, years 1.06 1.05 to 1.08 < .001 1.07 1.05 to 1.08 < .001 1.02 1.01 to 1.03 < .001 1.05 1.04 to 1.06 < .001 1.03 1.02 to 1.04 < .001 1.03 1.02 to 1.04 < .001 1.07 1.06 to 1.08 < .001 1.00 0.99 to 1.00 .345
BMI 0.99 0.98 to 1.01 .306 0.98 0.97 to 1.01 .161 0.99 0.98 to 1.01 .303 1.05 1.04 to 1.06 < .001 1.02 1.01 to 1.03 .001 0.96 0.94 to 0.97 < .001 0.98 0.97 to 1.00 .009 1.00 0.99 to 1.02 .852
Female 1.16 0.97 to 1.40 .107 0.49 0.41 to 0.59 < .001 0.90 0.77 to 1.05 .174 2.75 2.32 to 3.26 < .001 1.12 1.00 to 1.03 .042 8.28 7.27 to 9.42 < .001 0.85 0.74 to 0.98 .022 1.56 1.41 to 1.72 < .001
Race other than white 0.83 0.61 to 1.12 .224 0.70 0.52 to 0.97 .029 1.52 1.22 to 1.90 .002 0.86 0.68 to 1.07 .172 0.60 0.51 to 0.71 < .001 0.45 0.36 to 0.56 < .001 1.00 0.81 to 1.22 .973 0.85 0.73 to 1.00 .054
    Hispanic 0.94 0.56 to 1.56 .804 1.84 0.81 to 4.24 .147 1.32 0.88 to 1.97 .183 0.76 0.51 to 1.15 .192 0.93 0.62 to 1.40 .742 0.52 0.31 to 0.87 .013 1.53 0.99 to 2.37 .056 0.99 0.74 to 1.34 .961
Region(reference, Northeast) < .001 .011 < .001 < .001 .153 .001 < .001 .293
    Midwest 1.55 1.19 to 2.02 .001 1.04 0.79 to 1.38 .770 1.18 0.92 to 1.51 .198 1.77 1.36 to 2.32 < .001 1.04 0.88 to 1.23 .635 0.88 0.73 to 1.07 .214 1.25 1.00 to 1.56 .055 1.03 0.86 to 1.23 .769
    South 1.69 1.30 to 2.19 < .001 1.25 0.95 to 1.66 .113 1.18 0.93 to 1.48 .168 1.43 1.08 to 1.89 .013 1.09 0.93 to 1.27 .299 1.02 0.85 to 1.21 .840 1.51 1.20 to 1.91 .001 1.11 0.96 to 1.30 .172
    West 1.87 1.45 to 2.42 < .001 1.51 1.15 to 1.98 .003 1.69 1.34 to 2.14 < .001 1.82 1.40 to 2.36 < .001 1.22 1.03 to 1.44 .019 0.91 0.73 to 1.13 .397 1.69 1.35 to 2.11 < .001 1.04 0.88 to 1.22 .676
    Puerto Rico 2.72 1.36 to 5.45 .005 1.10 0.64 to 1.88 .729 1.33 0.96 to 1.86 .091 2.71 1.95 to 3.75 < .001 1.02 0.81 to 1.29 .849 1.53 1.17 to 2.00 .002 1.89 1.34 to 2.65 .001 1.42 0.98 to 2.05 .065
    Nonmetropolitan 0.84 0.69 to 1.03 .101 1.23 1.02 to 1.51 .032 1.01 0.83 to 1.23 .914 1.11 0.91 to 1.35 .310 1.15 1.00 to 1.31 .048 0.97 0.83 to 1.12 .667 1.09 0.88 to 1.36 .424 0.98 0.84 to 1.14 .784
Medicaid 1.52 1.19 to 1.94 .004 1.51 1.13 to 2.03 .015 1.94 1.57 to 2.40 < .001 1.47 1.22 to 1.79 < .001 1.31 1.10 to 1.55 .006 0.89 0.73 to 1.09 .270 1.68 1.36 to 2.07 < .001 1.40 1.21 to 1.61 < .001
Education, years(reference, no school) .010 .012 .002 .001 .070 < .001 < .001 < .001
    0-8 0.85 0.49 to 1.45 .545 1.19 0.66 to 2.15 .561 0.76 0.53 to 1.09 .138 0.89 0.59 to 1.34 .574 0.91 0.61 to 1.37 .657 2.26 1.36 to 3.75 .002 0.73 0.50 to 1.07 .101 0.90 0.63 to 1.30 .577
    9-12 0.61 0.34 to 1.10 .098 1.00 0.54 to 1.84 .996 0.55 0.38 to 0.81 .003 0.65 0.42 to 1.03 .065 0.82 0.53 to 1.25 .351 2.55 1.53 to 4.23 .001 0.46 0.31 to 0.67 < .001 0.68 0.47 to 0.99 .042
    13-15 0.69 0.38 to 0.99 .046 0.86 0.45 to 1.66 .648 0.68 0.46 to 1.00 .051 0.89 0.56 to 1.42 .621 0.93 0.60 to 1.44 .749 2.90 1.73 to 4.86 < .001 0.49 0.33 to 0.75 .001 0.59 0.41 to 0.85 .004
    > 15 0.56 0.32 to 0.99 .046 0.78 0.41 to 1.49 .454 0.57 0.38 to 0.86 .007 0.75 0.47 to 1.21 .235 0.99 0.65 to 1.53 .977 2.81 1.70 to 4.65 < .001 0.47 0.30 to 0.71 .001 0.53 0.37 to 0.77 < .001
Not married 0.93 0.78 to 1.11 .427 0.89 0.74 to 1.06 .189 1.04 0.90 to 1.19 .604 0.87 0.76 to 1.00 .050 1.08 0.97 to 1.22 .169 1.03 0.91 to 1.16 .646 1.00 0.86 to 1.16 .955 1.23 1.09 to 1.38 < .001
Income, $(reference,< 25,000) .055 .312 < .001 .215 .543 .657 .227 < .001
    25,000-50,000 0.82 0.67 to 1.01 .066 0.90 0.74 to 1.09 .272 0.72 0.61 to 0.84 < .001 0.88 0.73 to 1.06 .088 0.98 0.87 to 1.11 .303 1.08 0.96 to 1.22 .219 0.91 0.77 to 1.07 .273 0.75 0.67 to 0.86 < .001
    > 50,000 0.70 0.50 to 0.98 .040 0.80 0.57 to 1.10 .170 0.63 0.48 to 0.84 .002 0.85 0.64 to 1.14 .269 0.90 0.76 to 1.09 .166 1.07 0.85 to 1.34 .573 0.74 0.53 to 1.03 .090 0.65 0.52 to 0.79 < .001
Cancer 1.11 0.90 to 1.36 .322 1.28 1.08 to 1.52 .005 1.12 0.97 to 1.29 .115 1.42 1.20 to 1.69 < .001 1.17 1.04 to 1.32 .010 1.21 1.06 to 1.38 .004 1.08 0.93 to 1.26 .313 1.15 1.02 to 1.30 .023
No. of comorbidities(reference, 0) < .001 .001 < .001 < .001 < .001 < .001 < .001 < .001
    1 1.71 1.31 to 2.22 < .001 1.19 0.88 to 1.61 .253 1.01 0.83 to 1.23 .923 1.44 1.15 to 1.80 .016 1.20 1.02 to 1.40 .027 1.12 0.96 to 1.32 .160 1.10 0.86 to 1.39 .446 1.07 0.91 to 1.22 .391
    2 2.00 1.49 to 2.68 < .001 1.47 1.09 to 1.98 .011 1.38 1.12 to 1.70 .003 1.52 1.18 to 1.96 < .001 1.45 1.24 to 1.69 < .001 1.33 1.12 to 1.58 .001 1.50 1.19 to 1.89 .001 1.14 0.97 to 1.34 .125
    > 2 3.77 2.88 to 4.94 < .001 2.16 1.65 to 2.83 < .001 1.91 1.56 to 2.33 < .001 2.57 2.04 to 3.23 < .001 2.11 1.83 to 2.44 < .001 1.99 1.67 to 2.36 < .001 2.45 2.01 to 2.98 < .001 1.94 1.69 to 2.23 < .001
C-statistic 0.713 0.704 0.676 0.720 0.628 0.768 0.712 0.655
Cancer subtype
    Breast 1.04 0.72 to 1.51 .840 1.32 0.92 to 1.91 .137 0.90 0.65 to 1.23 .497 1.10 0.82 to 1.48 .906 1.22 0.98 to 1.51 .071 1.12 0.92 to 1.37 .262 1.07 0.79 to 1.43 .677 1.01 0.81 to 1.25 .827
    Lung 2.01 1.05 to 3.87 .036 2.01 1.02 to 3.96 .043 1.78 1.11 to 2.86 .017 1.47 0.76 to 2.84 .256 1.18 0.73 to 1.92 .501 1.11 0.65 to 1.91 .694 1.13 0.64 to 2.01 .676 1.49 0.94 to 2.36 .088
    Prostate 0.81 0.52 to 1.25 .335 1.01 0.75 to 1.37 .950 0.61 0.42 to 0.89 .01 3.61 2.57 to 5.10 < .001 1.25 1.01 to 1.57 .049 0.66 0.44 to 1.00 .047 1.08 0.80 to 1.47 .615 1.11 0.84 to 1.46 .489
    Cervical/uterine 1.13 0.70 to 1.81 .623 1.57 0.91 to 2.71 .108 1.15 0.81 to 1.63 .452 1.27 0.91 to 1.75 .155 1.46 1.10 to 1.92 .008 1.47 1.09 to 1.97 .012 0.94 0.61 to 1.45 .789 1.23 0.94 to 1.62 .127
    Colon 1.06 0.67 to 1.67 .802 1.00 0.65 to 1.53 .988 1.20 0.83 to 1.72 .334 1.07 0.76 to 1.51 .450 0.95 0.71 to 1.28 .731 1.39 1.02 to 1.91 .039 0.84 0.59 to 1.22 .363 1.44 1.09 to 1.90 .010
    Other 1.51 1.06 to 2.14 .022 1.50 1.09 to 2.05 .012 1.75 1.38 to 2.22 .001 1.29 1.01 to 1.66 .048 1.09 0.86 to 1.36 .485 1.18 0.94 to 1.48 .148 1.21 0.93 to 1.58 .153 1.28 1.05 to 1.57 .014

NOTE. Association of covariates with each geriatric syndrome was derived from main model that included “cancer” as main variable. Cancer subtype was included in separate models that adjusted for each covariates noted in table.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; BMI, body mass index.