. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ment Health Subst Use. 2011 Jan 1;4(1):22–37. doi: 10.1080/17523281.2011.533445

Table 1.

Characteristics of mothers and children measured across four waves of data collection in the adolescent Child Health and Development Study (CHDS-A)

Race		N	%
	White	1275	72.3
	Black	340	19.4
	Other	137	7.8
Gender
	Male	885	50.5
	Female	867	49.5
Age at adolescent interview
	15	139	7.9
	16	456	26.0
	17–18^*	1157	66.0
Maternal smoking during pregnancy
	Current	586	33.6
	Never/Former	1157	66.4
Maternal weekly alcohol consumption at time of pregnancy
	>2 drinks	418	25.5
	1–2 drinks	747	42.6
	0 drinks	559	31.9
Maternal smoking at age 9–11 interview
	Current	543	31.5
	Never/Former	1180	68.5
Mother's highest education by age 9–11 interview
	Less than high school	168	9.8
	High school	659	38.3
	More than high school	896	52.0
Mother reported separation from father by age 9–11 interview
	Yes	413	23.8
	No	1325	76.2
Percent below the poverty line^ in the ages 9–11 neighborhood**
	1st Quartile (>3.0%)	421	24.0
	2nd Quartile	420	24.0
	3rd Quartile	437	24.9
	4th Quartile (<1.0%)	474	27.1
Birth order
	1^st	429	24.8
	2^nd	470	27.1
	3^rd	370	21.4
	4^th	234	13.5
	≥5^th	229	13.2
Birth weight
	≤2500 grams	83	4.7
	>2500 grams	1669	95.3
		Mean (SD)	Range
Maternal age at child’s birth		28.73 (5.9)	(15 to 47)
Child cognitive ability^* at age 9–11 interview**		82.52 (11.5)	(53 to 138)
Child conduct problems at age 9–11 interview (score on latent trait)⁺		0.00 (0.68)	(−0.535 to 2.74)
Family income at age 9–11 interview		13,348 (7203.9)	(0 to 98,000)
Maternal cognitive ability^at age 9–11 interview**		127.00 (17.1)	(60 to 161)

Age 17, N=1148, Age 18 N=9

^**

The percentage of the neighborhood living below the poverty line for a family of four in 1970

^***

As measured with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)

⁺

As determined using 2-paramter Item Response Theory of eight conduct disorder symptoms, extracting factor severity scores on underlying latent trait.