Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and substance use/dependence by sexa
| Variables | Males n=914 | Females n=599 | Total n=1513 | Statistic (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at interview yrs (SD) | 37.2 (8.4) | 35.3 (8.6) | 36.4 (8.5) | t=−4.35, df 1511*** |
| Marital status (%) | 62.0 | 70.3 | 65.3 | OR 0.69 (0.55–0.86)* |
| Unemployed (%) | 81.8 | 83.7 | 82.5 | OR 0.85 (0.65–1.12) |
| Government benefit (%) | 89 | 92.5 | 90.4 | OR 0.64 (0.44–0.92)* |
| School education only (%) | 70.6 | 70.3 | 70.5 | OR 1.00 (0.80–1.25) |
| Cannabis dependence (%) | 57.8 | 50.0 | 55.5 | OR 1.26 (1.02–1.55 * |
| Stimulant dependence (%) | 52.2 | 45.8 | 49.8 | OR 1.30 (1.05–1.59)* |
| Sedative dependence (%) | 35.4 | 37.6 | 36.3 | OR 0.91 (0.74–1.13) |
| Cocaine dependence (%) | 32.6 | 30.7 | 31.9 | OR 1.09 (0.87–1.36) |
| Alcohol dependence (%) | 43.0 | 34.7 | 39.8 | OR 1.42 (1.15–1.76)*** |
| Nicotine dependence (%) | 64.0 | 64.7 | 64.3 | OR 0.97 (0.78–1.20) |
| Onset heroin use yrs (SD) | 19.6 (5.6) | 19.4 (5.6) | 19.5 (5.6) | t=−0.77, df 1511 |
| Onset heroin dependence yrs (SD) | 23.3 (6.4) | 22.6 (6.7) | 23.0 (6.5) | t=−1.78, df 1476 |
| Duration heroin dependence yrs (SD) | 10.6 (7.5) | 9.0 (7.1) | 9.9 (7.3) | t=−4.24, df 1489*** |
| Onset regular drinking yrs (SD) | 16.7 (4.8) | 16.4 (5.0) | 16.6 (4.7) | t=−0.85, df 1175 |
| Onset alcohol intoxication yrs (SD) | 14.5 (3.0) | 14.2 (3.2) | 14.3 (3.1) | t=−1.67, df 1431 |
| Onset cannabis use yrs (SD) | 14.3 (2.9) | 14.2 (3.1) | 14.2 (3.0) | t=−0.34, df 1490 |
a
odds ratios obtained by cross tabulations, differences in means obtained by independent t-tests
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
***
p<0.001