Table 1.
Participant Characteristics and Task Performance. Mean (SD) demographic characteristics, neuropsychological test results, and fMRI task performances for the four participant groups. Results of one-way ANOVAs are summarized by p-values and associated effect sizes (η2). No significant group differences emerged on any of the variables.
| Variables | Low Risk | High Risk | p | η2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low PA (n = 17) | High PA (n = 17) | Low PA (n = 17) | High PA (n = 17) | |||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (yrs) | 73.3 (5.2) | 74.3 (4.6) | 72.9 (5.2) | 70.7 (4.2) | .18 | .07 |
| Education (yrs) | 14.1 (2.5) | 14.7 (2.6) | 15.8 (2.6) | 15.7 (3.2) | .22 | .07 |
| Gender | 3M, 14F | 4M, 13F | 6M, 11F | 5M, 12F | .69 | .02 |
| Neuropsychological Testing | ||||||
| MMSE | 29.1 (1.0) | 29.3 (0.8) | 29.1 (1.0) | 29.2 (1.5) | .94 | <.01 |
| DRS Attention | 36.5 (0.7) | 36.5 (0.7) | 36.2 (1.0) | 36.5 (0.8) | .57 | .03 |
| DRS I/P | 36.5 (1.0) | 36.8 (0.4) | 36.6 (0.8) | 36.2 (2.5) | .69 | .02 |
| DRS Memory | 23.8 (1.3) | 24.3 (0.9) | 24.3 (1.6) | 24.0 (1.3) | .56 | .03 |
| DRS Total | 140.1 (1.9) | 141.1 (2.3) | 140.4 (3.7) | 139.5 (3.6) | .52 | .04 |
| AVLT Trials 1–5 | 47.3 (7.0) | 48.9 (8.1) | 47.6 (8.1) | 46.4 (9.0) | .84 | .01 |
| AVLT DR | 9.8 (1.6) | 9.7 (2.3) | 9.5 (2.9) | 9.4 (2.7) | .96 | <.01 |
| AVLT LTPR | 84.9 (13.1) | 84.4 (15.0) | 82.6 (19.8) | 80.1 (17.3) | .83 | .01 |
| GDS | 3.8 (4.3) | 2.3 (3.4) | 1.8 (2.2) | 2.4 (3.1) | .34 | .05 |
| fMRI Task Performance | ||||||
| % Correct Famous | 91.6 (9.7) | 91.8 (6.1) | 95.9 (3.8) | 92.2 (7.1) | .24 | .06 |
| % Correct Unfamiliar | 97.8 (3.5) | 96.1 (6.2) | 96.5 (5.1) | 94.7 (10.9) | .63 | .03 |
| RT Famous | 1291 (207) | 1289 (182) | 1263 (150) | 1337 (215) | .72 | .02 |
| RT Unfamiliar | 1614 (317) | 1570 (279) | 1595 (326) | 1602 (242) | .98 | <.01 |
Notes: All indices represent raw scores. High Risk = APOE-ε4 allele carrier; PA = Physical Activity; M = male; F = female; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Exam; DRS = Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; I/P = Initiation/Perseveration; AVLT = Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; DR = Delayed Recall; LTPR = Long-term percent retention; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; RT = reaction time.