Table 1.
Subject Characteristics and Treatment Effects
| Variable | Total Group (n = 43) | Practical counseling-treated (n = 14) | Bupropion HCl-treated (n = 14) | Placebo-treated (n = 15) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 40.3 (± 11.0) | 40.7 (± 10.0) | 41.4 (± 14.3) | 39.0 (± 10.0) |
| Percent female | 37.2% | 35.7% | 35.7% | 40.0% |
| Years smoking | 21.6 (± 11.2) | 22.1 (± 11.8) | 22.4 (± 13.1) | 20.3 (± 9.3) |
| Education (yrs) | 13.9 (± 2.3) | 14.2 (± 2.6) | 13.3 (± 1.9) | 14.2 (± 2.2) |
| HAM-D | 1.6 (± 1.7) | 1.1 (± 1.4) | 2.0 (± 2.1) | 1.5 (± 1.5) |
| HAM-A | 2.0 (± 2.4) | 1.6 (± 2.0) | 2.6 (± 3.3) | 1.8 (± 1.7) |
| FTND pre-tx | 6.5 (± 1.9) | 6.3 (± 2.0) | 6.2 (± 2.0) | 6.9 (± 1.7) |
| FTND post-tx | 3.6 (± 2.6)*** | 3.5 (± 3.0)** | 2.4 (± 2.0)*** | 4.8 (± 2.2)** |
| Cigs/day pre-tx | 24.3 (± 6.2) | 23.9 (± 6.9) | 24.3 (± 6.1) | 24.5 (± 6.0) |
| Cigs/day post-tx | 9.6 (± 7.9)*** | 8.8 (± 8.4)*** | 6.5 (± 6.9)*** | 13.4 (± 7.1)*** |
| Exhaled CO pre-tx (ppm) | 20.1 (± 7.3) | 18.1 (± 8.0) | 20.8 (± 12.8) | 20.8 (± 8.3) |
| Exhaled CO post-tx (ppm) | 12.8 (± 9.1)* | 11.2 (± 6.7)* | 9.5 (± 8.0)* | 10.4 (± 10.5)* |
| Craving change with smoking: pre-tx (UTS) | −3.9 (± 1.2) | −3.4 (± 1.6) | −3.9 (± 0.9) | −4.2 (± 1.0) |
| Craving change with smoking: post-tx (UTS) | −2.8 (± 1.4)*** | −2.5 (± 1.5)*** | −2.6 (± 1.6)*** | −3.4 (± 1.1)*** |
| Total Puff Volume pre-tx (mL) | 787.5 (± 32.7) | 766.8 (± 59.1) | 795.5 (± 72.7) | 799.5 (± 39.0) |
| Total Puff Volume post-tx (mL) | 669.5 (± 36.0)** | 716.3 (± 51.2) | 582.5 (± 70.8)** | 706.9 (± 61.6) |
Values are stated as mean (± standard deviation); Yrs = years; HAM-D = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HAM-A = Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; tx = treatment; FTND = Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; cig = cigarette; CO = carbon monoxide; ppm = parts per million; UTS = Urge to Smoke Scale;
*
P < 0.05,
**
P < 0.01, and
***
P < 0.001, for paired Student t-tests from pre- to post- treatment