. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2009 Jul 5;145(3):287–293. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.05.006

Table 1.

Age and gender of persons initiating incident and prevalent long-term opioid use episodes for non-cancer chronic pain in 2005 by substance use, opioid and alcohol disorders in the prior 2 years at KPNC and GH.

KPNC	Substance use disorder history		Opioid disorder history		Alcohol disorder history
KPNC	SUD yes (1023)	SUD no (11,494)	OP yes (160)	OP no (12,357)	ALC yes (689)	ALC no (11,828)
Incident long-term use
Female (%)	47.2	61.5	55.6	60.4	42.2	61.4
Male (%)	52.8	38.5	44.4	39.6	57.8	38.6
Male (%)	p ≤ 0.0001		p = 0.2207		p ≤ 0.0001
Mean age (SD)	50.7 (14.0)	58.2 (16.1)	47.1 (10.1)	57.8 (16.1)	52.3 (13.2)	57.9 (16.2)
Mean age (SD)	p ≤ 0.0001		p ≤ 0.0001		p ≤ 0.0001
GH	SUD yes (145)	SUD no (2147)	OP yes (14)	OP no (2278)	ALC yes (115)	ALC no (2177)

Female (%)	55.2	60.8	57.1	60.5	52.2	60.9
Male (%)	44.8	39.2	42.9	39.5	47.8	39.1
Male (%)	p = 0.1802		p = 0.7985		p = 0.0618
Mean age (SD)	48.9 (16.3)	58.0 (16.6)	41.6 (16.7)	57.5 (12.7)	49.6 (15.5)	57.8 (17.8)
Mean age (SD)	p = 0.7328		p = 0.2507		p ≤ 0.0001
KPNC	SUD yes (3676)	SUD no (29,512)	OP yes (894)	OP no (32,294)	ALC yes (1739)	ALC no (31,449)

Prevalent long-term use
Female (%)	55.8	65.5	60.3	64.5	44.6	65.5
Male (%)	44.2	34.5	39.7	35.4	55.4	34.5
Male (%)	p ≤ 0.0001		p = 0.0096		p ≤ 0.0001
Mean age (SD)	52.2 (12.9)	59.0 (14.7)	49.6 (11.8)	58.5 (14.7)	53.9 (12.4)	58.5 (14.7)
Mean age (SD)	p ≤ 0.0001		p ≤ 0.0001		p ≤ 0.0001
GH	SUD yes (400)	SUD no (5154)	OP yes (165)	OP no (5490)	ALC yes (220)	ALC no (5334)

Female (%)	54.5	66.2	59.0	65.5	48.2	66.1
Male (%)	45.5	33.8	41.5	34.5	51.8	33.9
Male (%)	p ≤ 0.0001		p = 0.2448		p ≤ 0.0001
Mean age (SD)	51.8 (13.5)	58.3 (15.0)	50.4 (14.3)	58.0 (15.0)	52.4 (12.3)	58.1 (15.1)
Mean age (SD)	p = 0.0072		p = 0.6605		p ≤ 0.0001