Table 1.
CCN family members and their known functions.
| CCN nomenclature | First reported | Synonym (also known as) | NM number (human/mouse) | cDNA Length (human/mouse) | Location (human/mouse) | Main functions | Knock-out Phenotypes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCN1 | 1990 | Cyr61, CEF10, IGFBP10 | NM_001554.4/NM_010516.2 | 1146/1140 | 1p31-p22/3 H2; 3 72.9 cM | Cell migration, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, apoptosis, gastrulation, tumorigenesis | Embryonic death, duo to failure in chorioallantoic fusion, placental vascular insufficiency and compromised vessel integrity (severe atrioventricular septal defects). |
| CCN2 | 1991 | CTGF, Fisp-12, HCS24, IGFBP8 | NM_001901.2/NM_010217.2 | 1050/1047 | 6q23.1/10 A3-B1; 10 17.0 cM | Fibrogenesis, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, diabetic nephropathy, tumorigenesis | Lethal; major skeletal defects; dramatic decrease in beta-cell proliferation (at late gestation). |
| CCN3 | 1992, 1994 | Nov, IGFBP9 | NM_002514.3/NM_010930.4 | 1074/1065 | 8q24.1/15 D1; 15 22.5 cM | Angiogenesis, tumorigenesis | Enhanced chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, enlargement and abnormal modelling of the endocardial cushions; hypertrophy and calcification of the septum and left ventricle dilation; muscle atrophy; premature tissue degeneration in the lens. |
| CCN4 | 1998 | WISP1, ELM-1 | NM_003882.2, NM_080838.1/NA | 1104, 1035/NA | 8q24.1-q24.3/NA | Tumorigenesis | NA |
| CCN5 | 1998 | WISP2; CTGF-L, rCop-1 | NM_003881.2/NA | 753/NA | 20q12-q13.1/NA | Tumorigenesis | NA |
| CCN6 | 1998 | WISP3 | NM_003880.3, NM_198239.1/NA | 1065, 1119/NA | 6q21/NA | Tumorigenesis | Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia were seen in CCN6 loss-of-function mutant mice, while CCN6 knockout mouse has no phenotype |