Table 1.
Characteristics of seasonal, demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and dietary factors by serum 25(OH)D in US men and women living across the USA
| Predictor Variables | Total n=2621 | 25(OH)D <37 nmol/L n=305 |
25(OH)D ≥37 to<50nmol/L n=466 |
25(OH)D ≥50 to<80nmol/L n=1306 |
25(OH)D ≥80 to<100nmol/L n=403 |
25(OH)D ≥100nmol/L n=141 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage | ||||||
| Season: Winter (December-May) *** % | 47 | 72 | 62 | 43 | 31 | 23 |
| Demography Race: White *** % | 94 | 88 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 94 |
| Current Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) *** % yes | 53 | 43 | 44 | 52 | 60 | 74 |
| Current smoking * % yes | 8 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 |
| Education college or above % yes | 36 | 35 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 37 |
| Current Vigorous Physical Activity (PA) ( ≥ 3 hours/week) *** % | 40 | 29 | 32 | 41 | 49 | 55 |
| Mean (SD) | ||||||
| Height (inches) *** | 67 (4) | 67(4) | 68(4) | 67(4) | 66(4) | 66(4) |
| Current Body Mass Index (BMI kg/m2)*** | 27(5) | 29(6) | 28(5) | 27(5) | 26(4) | 25(4) |
| Red meat group (g/day)*** | 77(67) | 82(76) | 88(78) | 76(66) | 66(54) | 69(61) |
| Milk, on cereal (g/day)*** | 92(90) | 64(76) | 84(81) | 99(94) | 99(91) | 105(94) |
| Energy from diet (kcal/day)* | 2059 (856) | 2054( 882) | 2137(905) | 2073(884) | 1964(714) | 1974(757) |
| Dietary Calcium (mg/day)* | 966(518) | 865(453) | 961(499) | 989(564) | 981(450) | 940(410) |
| Dietary Vitamin D (μg/day)** | 5.3(3.6) | 4.3(3.0) | 5.3(3.3) | 5.6(4.0) | 5.4(3.1) | 5.2(2.6) |
| Supplemental calcium (mg/day)** | 281(385) | 146(279) | 222(354) | 281(379) | 406(421) | 426(479) |
| Supplemental vitamin D( (μg/day)** | 6.4(8.0) | 3.1(6.1) | 4.9(7.4) | 6.6(7.9) | 8.6(8.6) | 9.7(9.9) |
| Supplemental vitamin E((IU/day)** | 168(254) | 106(218) | 160(259) | 168(251) | 212(267) | 213(279) |
*
p<0.05
**
p < 0.01
***
p < 0.001